Cells as a System
basic unit of structure and function of living organisms
What are cells
an organic molecule made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
a source of energy that gives structure to some types of cells
Quick Energy
What are carbohydrates
The process of copying a strand of DNA
What is DNA replication
the gradual change of living organisms over time
what is evolution
Producers
Organisms such as plants that usually use energy directly from the sun to produce glucose and other carbohydrates
What is autotroph
Concentration of solution outside the cell than inside the cell
Causes the cell to SHRINK
What is hypertonic
Happens in mitochondria
What is cellular respiration
A diagram used by geneticists to chart a trait from one generation to another
What is a pedigree
the formation of a new species through the process of divergent evolution
What is speciation?
Organisms that obtain energy by consuming plants and other animals
Consumers
What is heterotrophs
Organic molecules that are building blocks of protein
What are amino acids
A monosaccharide produces by plants during photosynthesis
Main source of energy for cells
What is glucose?
the exchange of DNA between paired homologous chromosomes during meiosis
What is crossing over
Diagram that shows possible evolutionary relationships sometimes in proportion to evolutionary time
What is phylogenetic tree
Which of the following is an example of mutualism?
tick feeding on deer
bees pollinating flowers
barnacles attached to whales
What are bees pollinating flowers
Generally not considered to be living but can infect or kill living things
What is a virus
Requires Oxygen and produces about 36 ATP
What is aerobic respiration
2 identical daughter cells
Diploid
the part of the cell cycle where the nucleus divides
asexual reproduction
What is mitosis
Diagram that shows relationships among organisms based on evolved adaptations
What is a cladogram
When a population exceeds the carrying capacity of its environment, what is likely to occur?
unlimited growth
resource depletion and population decline
increased biodiversity
What is resource depletion and population decline
Cellulose structure that surrounds plant cells and gives them support
What is a cell wall
the stage of photosynthesis that does not require light
What is the Calvin Cycle
Combination of alleles for a certain trait
What is genotype
The parent species from which 2 or more separate species evolved
What is mutation
In an energy pyramid, which level has the most available energy?
Primary consumers
Secondary consumers
Producers
What are producers