Cell Cycle
Which phase does the cell spend the most time in?
Gap 1 : Cell growth.
Prophase- the chromosomes condense and move towards the middle of the cell.
True or False: Asexual reproduction is essential for Meiosis.
False; Asexual reproduction is essential for Mitosis, sexual reproduction is essential for Meiosis.
What is a chromosome?
A single long double helix of DNA wrapped around proteins.
What is a genotype?
What are the five phases have cell cycle?
1. Prophase
2. Pro-metaphase
3. Metaphase
4. Anaphase
5. Telophase
What is the stage that comes after telophase?
Cytokinesis
What is the purpose of meiosis?
To separate the duplicated DNA into daughter cells.
What are homologous chromosomes?
Chromosomes with the same genes and different alleles.
What is a phenotype?
The observable result of a genotype.
What are the four stages of the cell cycle?
1. Gap 1 (G1)
2. Synthesis (S1)
3. Gap 2 (G2)
4. Mitosis (M stage)
Does the cell spend most of its life in interphase or in the M phase?
Interphase
True or False: Crossing over is an important step that happens between prophase 1 and metaphase 1.
True.
What are beneficial mutations?
Mutations that increase an organism's fitness.
What is a gene?
The basic and functional unit of heredity.
What is the blueprint of a cell?
DNA
What cells does Mitosis make?
Somatic cells
True or False: The result of meiosis 1 is 3 new cells with each haploid in their DNA but with 2 copies.
False; The result of meiosis 1 is 2 new cells with each haploid in their DNA but with 2 copies.
What does a inversion mutation do?
It is where a segment of a chromosome breaks, flips around, and rejoins.
True or False: Genotypes refer to the exact pairing of alleles, whereas phenotypes refer to the expression of that trait.
True
True or False: Are enzymes like construction sites?
False; Enzymes are the construction workers and cells are the construction sites.
Who proposed the genetic code hypothesis?
Francis Crick
True or False: The purpose of meiosis 2 is to separate the two alleles of each haploid into individual cells.
False; The purpose of meiosis 2 is to separate two alleles of each gene into individual cells
What are the four types of chromosomal mutations?
1. Deletions
2. Insertions
3. Inversion
4. Translocation
What is gene expression?
When a cell decides to use the information from a gene to make RNA.