Overview
what is the equation for cell respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP)
What molecule does glycolysis break into 2 pyruvic acid molecules?
glucose
what has to happen before the Krebs cycle can start?
the preparatory step: turning pyruvic acid into acetyl CoA
How much energy does the ETC produce?
the ETC makes 32-34 ATP molecules
what are the 2 types of fermentation we talked about?
lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation
what are the 3 steps of cellular respiration in order?
glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain
What are the 3 products of glycolysis? include numbers where known
2 pyruvic acid molecules (3-Carbon), 2 NADH, 4 ATP (net gain of 2)
How much ATP does the Krebs cycle produce?
How would you describe the electrons that enter the ETC? (think about energy level)
High-energy electrons
Cellular respiration's main purpose is to produce what? How much of that molecule does it make?
Making energy or ATP is it's main goal, and it makes 36-38 ATP in total
What organelle does the majority of cell respiration take place in?
the mitochondria
Why is the net gain of glycolysis 2 ATP if you actually make 4 ATP?
Because you need to put in 2 ATP to start glycolysis, so 2 of the ATP produced are replacing the 2 you put in.
in the first part of the Krebs cycle, how is citric acid made?
Acetyl CoA (2-C) combines with a 4-carbon molecule to make citric acid (6-C)
What enzyme embedded in the inner membrane is responsible for making the ATP?
ATP synthase
define cellular respiration
releasing the energy from food by converting glucose into ATP
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic cell respiration?
aerobic respiration requires O2, while anaerobic respiration is done with no O2
What happens after glycolysis if there is little or no oxygen present?
cells will complete fermentation or anaerobic respiration if there is no oxygen
What are all of the products of the Krebs Cycle?
CO2, ATP, NADH, and FADH2
What else happens as the electrons are passed along the ETC?
the electron's energy is used to pump H+ ions into the intermembrane space
give examples of organisms that do each type of fermentation
Lactic acid happens in humans, alcoholic happens in single celled organisms like yeast and some bacteria
What is the relationship between cell respiration and photosynthesis? (think about the equations)
the products of one equation are the reactants of the other, showing that they create a cycle of materials between organisms.
What molecules need to be replaced in order to keep glycolysis going?
ATP to start the process, and NAD+ to accept the electrons and H+ ions. Without either of those, glycolysis would not occur
What is the role of the Krebs cycle products NADH and FADH2?
To carry high energy electrons and H+ ions to the ETC
where do the electrons end up after passing through the ETC? what molecule do they make?
combines with oxygen and H+ ions to create water after the ETC
What kind of process does a sprinter go through to get a short burst of energy?
Lactic acid fermentation because it does less steps, and it does not need O2