Scientists
extracted and identified the nitrogen bases of DNA
Who is Kossel?
The major difference in DNA and RNA structure
What is DNA is double helix while RNA is a single strand
The place transcription takes place
What is the nucleus?
tRNA have these attached, which bond to one another during translation.
What are amino acids?
type of mutation where one base is exchanged for another
What is a substitution mutation?
used protein-labeled and DNA-labeled bacteriophages to definitively prove nucleic acids held genetic information
Who are Hershey and Chase?
these are Pyrimidine bases
What are Cytosine, thymine, and uracil (in mRNA)
a section of this is separated in the first step of transcription.
What is DNA helix?
tRNA (transfer RNA) act as interpreters by matching codons on the mRNA with these on tRNA molecules
What are anticodons?
Mutation that involves the gain of one or more nucleotides in the DNA sequence and can change the way that mRNA will be translated.
What is an insertion mutation?
proved dead pneumonia cells could transform living non-pneumonia cells into disease causing bacteria
Who is Griffith?
These are purine bases.
What are Adenine and Guanine?
this binds to the template strand of DNA and adds complimentary RNA bases
What is RNA polymerase?
The oraganelle within the cytoplasm where translation takes place is this.
What is a ribosome?
Mutation that involves the loss of one or more nucleotides in the DNA sequence and can change the way that mRNA will be translated.
What is a deletion mutation?
found that the amount of adenine-thymine and guanine-cytosine were nearly equal formulating the complementary bases A-T and G-C
Who is Chargaff
DNA is made up of DNA nucleotides containing these.
the sugar deoxyribose, a phosphate, and one of 4 nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, thymine, or cytosine)
introns are cut out and these are left in the final mRNA as it leaves the nucleus
What are exons?
The place translation takes place
What is the cytoplasm?
What are Chemicals, radiation, and ultraviolet radiation?
isolated DNA, proteins, and RNA from pneumonia cells and by exposing each individually to non-pneumonia bacteria proved that only DNA caused the exposed bacteria to become infectious.
Who is Avery?
The bases in DNA are paired this way.
cytosine and guanine pair up in triple hydrogen bonds, while adenine and thymine pair in double hydrogen bonds.
information on the resulting mRNA strand is arranged in these 3-base codes in DNA/mRNA that code for a specific amino acid
What are codons?
Translation continues until this enters the groove in the ribosome
What is a "stop" codon?
Mutations in the gene for hemoglobin can result in this disease
What is sickle cell anemia or disease?