Structure of DNA
What does DNA stand for?
Before DNA can be copied, this enzyme separates the two strands of the double helix
What is DNA helicase?
According to this rule, A = T and C = G in a DNA molecule.
What is Chargaff's rule?
DNA replication occurs during this phase of interphase.
What is the S phase?
This enzyme adds RNA primers to the DNA template.
What is RNA primase?
This nitrogenous base is present in RNA but not DNA
What is Uracil?
As cells divide, these chromosome caps tend to shorten or get damaged, making them associated with aging.
What are telomeres?
Using data from Rosalind Franklin, these scientists developed the first accurate model of DNA.
Who are James Watson and Francis Crick?
The result of DNA replication is
What is the creation of 2 new semi-conservative strands of DNA?
This enzyme adds complementary DNA bases from 5' to 3'.
What is DNA polymerase?
These 3 parts make up a singular nucleotide
What is a Phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base?
This enzyme, when it's activity is decreased, is associated with abnormalities and cancer
What is telomerase?
By labeling DNA with phosphorus-32 and protein with sulfur-35, this experiment identified the molecule that carries genetic information.
What is the Hershey and Chase experiment?
If there is 27% of Adenine, the percentage of guanine is
This enzyme removes gaps between DNA fragments by sealing them together.
What is DNA ligase?
What is carrying genetic material needed to function?
If DNA polymerase were able to synthesize DNA in the opposite direction, the need for these discontinuous segments on the lagging strand would disappear.
What are Okazaki fragments?
When researchers destroyed proteins and RNA, transformation still occurred, only destroying this molecule stopped transformation.
What is DNA?
How are the two DNA strands of the double helix organized?
What is anti-parallel?
This enzyme adds bases to telomeres as cells age
What is telomerase?
These forces connect the nitrogenous bases but are weaker than the covalent bonds of the sugar-phosphate backbone.
What is hydrogen bonds?
The leading and lagging strands are formed differently because DNA polymerase can add nucleotides only to this end of a growing DNA strand.
What is the 3′ end?
This scientist discovered the "transforming factor" that later helped identify DNA as genetic material.
Who is Frederick Griffith?
In prokaryotes, DNA replication begins at a single point because their DNA has this shape.
What is circular DNA?
These short pieces of RNA are added to the DNA template before DNA polymerase can begin replication.
What are RNA primers?