Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules
These are large molecules, necessary for life, that are built from smaller organic molecules.
What are biological macromolecules?
The stoichiometric formula, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents these.
What are carbohydrates?
These include a diverse group of compounds that are largely nonpolar in nature.
What are lipids?
These are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules.
What are proteins?
These are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life.
What are nucleic acids?
Most macromolecules are made from single subunits, or building blocks, called this.
What are monomers?
These are simple sugars, the most common of which is glucose.
What are monosaccharides?
We call fats these because of their chemical structure.
What are triacylglycerols and triglycerides?
These are catalysts in biochemical reactions and are usually complex or conjugated proteins.
What are enzymes?
The 2 main types of nucleic acids are called these.
What are DNA and RNA?
The monomers combine with each other to form larger molecules known as these.
What are polymers?
These form when two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration reaction.
What are disaccharides?
For example, palmitic acid, this, is derived from the palm tree.
What is a saturated fatty acid?
These are chemical-signaling molecules, usually small proteins or steroids, secreted by endocrine cells that act to control or regulate specific physiological processes, including growth, development, metabolism, and reproduction.
What are hormones?
DNA and RNA are comprised of monomers that scientists call these.
What are nucleotides?
This means "to put together while losing water."
What is dehydration synthesis?
This is the storage form of glucose in humans and other vertebrates and is comprised of monomers of glucose.
What is glycogen?
When the hydrocarbon chain contains a double bond, the fatty acid is this.
What is unsaturated?
These help in food by catabolizing nutrients into monomeric units.
What are digestive enzymes?
The nucleotides combine with each other to form this.
What is a polynucleotide?
These are catalyzed, or "sped up," by specific enzymes.
What are hydrolysis reactions?
This is the most abundant natural polymer.
What is cellulose?
If the hydrogen atoms are on 2 different planes, it is this.
What is a trans fat?
This means loss of function.
What is denaturation?
Scientists classify adenine and guanine as these.
What are purines?