Energy + Information
What is an enzyme that splits apart a DNA strand?
Helicase
What picks up amino acids in the cytoplasm to bring to the ribosome for protein synthesis?
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
What is a single DNA strand?
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Which base is only found in RNA?
What is an enzyme which binds to the temporarily separated strands and reads on side of the DNA?
RNA polymerase
Where does transcription take place?
In the ribosome
What is the difference between anabolism and catabolism?
Catabolism - using stored energy in molecules to carry on life processes
What is the difference between transcription and translation?
Transcription - the process of making a RNA strand in the nucleus
Translation - the process of making proteins via cellular information
What is the ribosome made of?
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
What is the difference between introns and exons?
Exons - sections of the RNA that code for proteins
List the six steps of translation.
tRNA brings an amino acid to a ribosome
The anticodon of tRNA attaches tot he codon of the mRNA in the ribosome
Another tRNA molecule is brought in to connect tot he next codon of mRNA
A peptide bond is formed between the amino acid
The original tRNA leaves without its amino acid
The process continues until a polypeptide chain (aka protein) is created
Make the corresponding RNA strand to:
GATGATCCGGA
CUACUAGGCCU
What is ATP, and what is its functions?
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) - a molecule that stores energy for the cell
To receive the energy, the cell must break the bonds in ATP to make ADP+Phosphate+energy
List the six steps of transcription.
Helicase unzips the DNA
The RNA is edited so that only the parts needed for protein synthesis are left
A single strand of RNA is made
The original DNA zips back up
The RNA is edited
mRNA leaves the nucleus
Fill in the other side of this DNA strand:
TCGAAACTGA
AGCTTTGACT