Structure
Foreign matter is kept out of the lungs by a flap of tissue called the _________________.
Epiglottis
Coagulation occurs by a small nonnuclear component of the blood called ____________.
Platelets
Gas exchange within the lungs takes place in the ___________________.
Alveolus
The ________________ is a cardiac muscle tissue that causes the heart to contract.
Myocardium
State two things that can affect lung capacity: __________________________________.
Age
Gender
Body Composition
Ethnicity
The trachea branches into two _______________________ before entering the lungs.
Bronchi
The ____________ is the smallest vessel of the circulatory system where diffusion of nutrients and gas into cells occurs.
Capillaries
Hemoglobin is a molecule that can carry:
Oxygen and Carbondioxide
What are the 4 chambers of the heart?
Left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle
The passage between food and air is the:
Pharynx
What is the difference between the left and right bronchus?
Left: Slightly longer, narrower, 2 lobes
Right: Short/wide, 3 lobes -> More than half of air goes into right bronchus
Which component of the blood increases in volume when a person is sick?
Leukocytes
Describe the process of expiration:
Expiration: diaphragm relaxes (gets longer), thoracic cavity decreases, abdominal muscles passively push up
Describe the heart including the number of chambers, amount of blood that is circulated, and how many bpm it typically contracts.
Heart: muscle that pumps blood
4 chambers
70-80 bpm
Every beat moves 80mL of blood
The ______________ is the structure between the pharynx and the esophagus that contains the vocal cords.
Larynx
What structures belong to the upper respiratory tract?
Nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx
The second component of the blood, referred to as formed elements, consists of what three things?
Leukocytes, Platelets, Erythrocytes
What are the 3 basic requirements for oxygen exchange?
Pump
An intact conduit system
Adequate pressure
Put the following in the correct order of blood flow: Pulmonic valve, aorta, left ventricle, left atrium, right ventricle,right atrium
Left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonic valve
What is the nasal cavity lined with? What is its function?
Lined with epithelial tissues
Olfaction: Smell
Conditioner: Air warmed
Fully state the differences of the muscular components used during inhalation and forced inhalation.
Inspiration: Diaphragm contracts, pulls ribs up and out increasing volume of thoracic cavity, lungs expand
Forced inhalation: Sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis major, scalene muscles: greater volume
List and define the two primary circuits of the heart.
1. Systemic:
The flow of blood from the heart to all parts of the body, except the lungs, and back to the heart
Left ventricle to body by systemic arteries -> carrying O2 and nutrients to cells returns to left atrium by superior/inferior vena cava
2. Pulmonary:
The flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back
Right ventricle to lungs, blood receives O2, removes CO2 and returns to right atrium
What is the difference between inspiration and expiration?
Internal respiration: inspiration
Process of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange between the cells and the blood
External respiration: expiration
Process of O2 and CO2 exchange between alveoli and blood
List and describe the two audible sounds of a heartbeat.
S1 (lubb): AV valves closing
Beginning of systole (heart contracts)
S2 (dubb): Semilunar closing
Beginning of diastole (heart relaxes)
What are the 3 things that an intact conduit system needs?
Delivery vessels: Arteries (O2 rich blood)
Transfer/exchange of vessels: Capillaries
Return vessels: Veins (O2 depleted)