Vocabulary
The process of changing food or chemicals into energy
What is metabolism
Deoxyribonucleic acid is a chain of nucleotides that forms the genetic information needed for structure and function of an organism.
What is DNA
These 2 scientists established the structure of DNA
Who are Watson and crick
The original DNA strand is “unzipped” when the enzyme, Helicase, breaks the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen bases.
What is replication step 1
Organisms that must digest their food by “eating” another organism. (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and parasites) AKA: Consumers
What is Heterotrophs
is formed from the bonding of a phosphate molecule, a sugar molecule, and a nitrogen base. The nitrogen bases vary, but the patterns of these bases is what creates an organism’s genetic signature.
What is DNA
The process when ATP is produced
What is cellular respiration
Binding proteins keep the two original strands apart.
What is transcription step 2
The process of using energy and small molecules to build larger molecules
What is anabolisms
held together by hydrogen bonds and form the rungs of the DNA ladder. The DNA strand forms a double helix when the ladder shape begins to spiral.
What are the base pairs
Before a cell can divide or make more proteins, it must make a copy of the DNA.
What is DNA duplication process
, each chromosome has been copied. Each copy contains 1 original strand and 1 new strand, bonded together and twisted into the double helix pattern.
What is replication final product
The process of using energy to break down large molecules into smaller molecules.
What is catabolism
joins only with Guanine (G)
What is Cytosine (C)
Dan can be found in these organelles
What is the nucleus, michtocondria and chloroplast
The enzyme, DNA primase, makes a short segment of RNA called the RNA Primer which marks the beginning of the copy for this section of DNA. The primer is bonded to the original strand as a “place keeper” while the rest of the strand is being copied.
What is replication step 3
Organisms that make their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. (plants and some chemosynthetic micro-organisms) AKA: Producers
What is Autrophs
joins only with Thymine (T)
What is Adenine (A)
This is found in RNA but not DNA
What is uracil
An enzyme called DNA polymerase adds DNA nucleotides (individual A, G, T, C) to the RNA primer. DNA polymerase proceeds along the strand continuously, proofreading DNA nucleotides and replacing incorrect DNA bases. When finished, RNA primers are removed by proteins, and another protein called Ligase fuses the sugar-phosphate backbone of the new DNA strand
What is replication step 4