Cell Cycle and Mutation
The longest period of time in the life cycle of a cell is
interphase
How many chromosomes are in a normal human skin cell?
46
In which phase of mitosis does the new nucleus begin to re-form?
telophase
The study of inherited characteristics is called
genetics
An organism that has either gained or lost a complete genome is said to be
euploid
DNA is replicated in this phase
S phase
A section of DNA that causes a particular trait is called a
gene
The phase of mitosis in which the centromeres are aligned on the equatorial plane is
metaphase
Father of Genetics
Mendel
The absence of a chromosome or the presence of an extra chromosome in an organism is called
aneuploidy
At what point are the chromosomes first called daughter chromosomes?
anaphase
An example of a species characteristic in humans would be
thumbs
Organisms that reproduce by undergoing mitosis are carrying on
asexual reproduction
When two alleles are both expressed, but the resulting phenotype is not a blend, the condition is called
codominance
the exchange of genes on the ends of nonhomologous chromosomes.
translocation
a change of the sequence of DNA bases.
A picture of homologous pairs of chromosomes is called a
karyotype
at the end of mitosis
the genetic material has been separated
A person has one allele for free earlobes and one allele for attached earlobes. In spite of the one allele for attached earlobes, the person's phenotype is free earlobes.
Which of Mendel's concepts does this illustrate?
dominant and recessive
The activation of a gene resulting in its transcription and the production of specific substances is called gene
expression
What type of mutation would you expect to be most harmful to the whole species?
germ mutation
Each member of a homologous pair of chromosomes is called a
homologue
Which type of reproduction results in offspring that are not identical to either parent?
sexual reproduction
The ability of a person to roll his tongue is due to the dominant allele T. A woman who can roll her tongue is married to a man who cannot. Two of their four children have the ability to roll their tongues, and two do not. What are the parents' genotypes?
mother Tt, father tt
Triploids are usually sterile because
the three homologous chromosomes do not line up in pairs during meiosis.