DNA Basics
This polymer contains all hereditary information.
What is DNA?
This type of RNA carries the message from DNA to the ribosomes.
What is messenger RNA (mRNA)?
A mutation occurring when a base pair in a DNA sequence is replaced by another.
What is a substitution mutation?
These molecules are the monomers of proteins assembled at the ribosome.
What are amino acids?
This project involved mapping the 20,000 genes of the human genome.
What is the Human Genome Project?
The form of DNA that condenses into individual chromosomes during cell division.
What is chromatin?
This RNA component helps assemble amino acids during protein synthesis.
What is ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
This type of mutation involves the insertion or deletion of nucleotides in a gene.
What is a frameshift mutation?
This process assembles amino acids into proteins using information from RNA.
What is translation?
The process of introducing genes from one organism into another.
What is the creation of a transgenic organism?
The building blocks of nucleic acids, composed of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen base.
What is a nucleotide?
The type of RNA that transfers amino acids to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.
What is transfer RNA (tRNA)?
Often caused by a substitution mutation, this can adversely affect development or function.
What are adverse effects?
A critical organic compound responsible for many cellular functions.
What is protein?
A test used to create a DNA fingerprint for identifying individuals.
What is DNA fingerprinting?
This sugar is part of DNA and is specifically known as deoxyribose.
What is deoxyribose?
This molecule is the end product of transcription.
What is mRNA?
This mutation can change an entire reading frame of codons.
What is gel electrophoresis?
The genetic code is communicated from DNA to ribosomes through this molecule.
What is mRNA?
This technique is used to analyze DNA fragments by separating them through an electric field.
What is gel electrophoresis?
The process of making mRNA from DNA that allows genetic messages to leave the nucleus.
What is transcription?
The sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a single amino acid.
What is a codon?
A type of mutation that can be identified using a DNA fingerprint.
What is gel electrophoresis?
The step of producing proteins that follows the formation of mRNA.
What is translation?
A method utilizing DNA to treat genetic disorders by replacing mutated genes.
What is gene therapy?