Evolution
This famous naturalist is credited as being the father of evolution for his theory of natural selection, however, there is a little known fact that he actually worked with another man to discuss and develop his theories. He rushed to publish his book, on the origin of species, which meant that he received all of the credit for his theory, while Alfred Wallace has been mostly forgotten in history
Who is Charles Darwin?
The DNA double Helix is made up of how many strands of DNA? How many strands of RNA make up an RNA molecule?
DNA : 2
RNA : 1
These 2 types of factors in combination help to define ecosystems/biomes. (hint: non-living factors help to determine what living factors can live there, in combination define ecosystem/biome)
What are abiotic (ex. temperature, humidity) and biotic factors (ex. plant life).
All of our body systems are working together to maintain this internal balance of physical and chemical conditions. These conditions are often controlled by negative feedback loops
Homeostasis
What is the Largest animal to ever live on the planet?
The Blue Whale!
The more closely related 2 organisms are, the more recently they shared a _______ _________
What is Common Ancestor
DNA is transcribed into RNA which is then translated into ___________
_________ are polypeptides, made of monomers called amino acids.
What are proteins?
A species that plays a critical role in an ecosystem, and helps to maintain balance of other organisms. It is often hypothesized that when these organisms are lost from their natural habitats, the ecosystem is at risk for collapse.
ex. Sea Otters
What is a keystone Species?
This organ does the majority of absorption in the digestive system due to its high surface area.
The small intestine
Cells with no nucleus
Cells with a nucleus
(state the correct term for both...clarify which is which)
Cells with no nucleus:
What are Prokaryotes?
Cells with a nucleus:
What are Eukaryotes?
A measure of an organisms likelihood of survival and reproduction
What is fitness?
Transcribe this Sequence of DNA:
CCA GAG TAC TGA TCA
CCA GAG TAG TGA TCA
GGU CUC AUC ACU AGU
The formula for photosynthesis
What is 6CO2+6H2O ---- LIGHT ---> 6O2+C6H12O6
what cell type picks up oxygen at the alveoli in the lungs and What molecule in those cells actually bind to oxygen?
Red blood cells, hemoglobin
What is the largest bone in the human body? Where is it located?
Name 3 lines of evidence for evolution
DNA/genetic Evidence
Fossil Record
Comparative Anatomy
Embryology
This Scientists is credited as being one of the founders of genetics. During his life in the 1800's he actually had no idea what DNA was, but used his math skills and research with pea plants to develop some of the foundational laws of basic heredity. (what was this scientists name, and for extra points, what was his area of study/where did he work from?)
Gregor Mendel
Was a Austrian Monk and mathematician
Humans are the largest contributors of greenhouse gasses (ex. carbon dioxide and methane). What have humans enacted/caused through the uncontrolled production of greenhouse gasses, and what are 2 examples of major sources of this gas from human actions?
Climate Change
Ex. Agricultural industry (specifically meat production), transportation industry, use of fossil fuels for heating and light sources, etc
What do ATP and ADP stand for? What are these molecules used for?
Adenosine triphosphate and Adenosine Diphosphate
Used to provide energy for cellular reactions (like cellular batteries) --ADP like 1/2 full battery, ATP like a full battery
These organisms have extremely thin skin, because they actually breath through it! This makes them extremely susceptible to pollution, and pathogens, which is why they often function as indicators of ecosystem health. This is also why it is important not to handle them!
what are amphibians/frogs?
A mechanism by which new traits may arise in populations. For full points, give an example (can be real, or theoretical)
Random genetic mutations
This enzyme originally from bacteria was engineered to be used in genetic engineering by Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpenteir (who won the nobel prize in chemistry in 2020 for their work) and is now one of the most commonly used mechanisms for gene editing
What is CRISPR-Cas9?
There are 3 types of symbiotic relationships that we discussed. What are they, and how are they defined?
Give the name, definition, and an example of each for full points
Mutualistic: Both organisms benefit from the relationship (ex. fig wasp and fig tree, coral and zooxanthellae, etc)
Parasitic: one organism (the parasite) benefits by living on/within the other (the host) (ex. tapeworm and humans, parasitic wasp and fig wasp, etc)
Commensalism: One organism benefits, while the other is unaffected (ex. birds living in holes of trees, barnacles living on a whale, etc)
Name the 8 body systems we discussed in class, and 1 major function of each
Immune (protection against pathogens), Nervous (communication and coordination of all other systems), Skeletal/muscular (movement), excretory (removal of wastes), endocrine (production and regulation of hormones), respiratory (breathing in oxygen and out carbon dioxide), circulatory (delivery method of all systems), and digestive systems (break down and absorption of nutrients)
This is the largest organ in the human body. This organ is also completely regenerates/replaces itself every 40-60 days.
The skin!