Cell Organelles
Cell Transport
Macromolecules
Enzymes
Photosynthesis / Cellular Respiration
100
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are both involved in energy conversion in cells and share many similarities. Select the TWO characteristics that apply ONLY to chloroplasts.
A. contain DNA
B. found in plants
C. contain pigments
D. used in photosynthesis
E. used in aerobic respiration
C. contain pigments
D. used in photosynthesis
100
Facilitated diffusion is a form of passive transport utilizing membrane proteins. When is facilitated diffusion used rather than diffusion?
A. when energy is required for transport
B. when concentrations must be more closely controlled
C. when molecules need to move more quickly across the cell membrane
D. when molecules cannot diffuse through the cell membrane, because the lipid bilayer repels the polar molecule
D. when molecules cannot diffuse through the cell membrane, because the lipid bilayer repels the polar molecule
100
An analysis of a cell indicated a high lipid content in the membranes, a high protein content in the vesicles being mobilized and transported throughout the cell, and a high carbohydrate content within the cytoplasm. The researcher performing the analysis concludes that the compounds must serve different roles in the cell. However, a chemical analysis of these three compound types is also performed. Which comparison BEST illustrates the similarity and difference in the elemental makeup of these molecules?
A. Carbs and proteins both contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, while the lipids contain sulfur in addition to those three elements.
B. Carbs and lipids both contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, while the proteins contain nitrogen in addition to those three elements.
C. Carbs and proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, while the lipids contain nitrogen in addition to those three elements.
D. Carbs and lipids both contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, while the proteins contain lithium in addition to those three elements.
B. Carbs and lipids both contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, while the proteins contain nitrogen in addition to those three elements.
100
A student is comparing the different macromolecule types for a biology class. The student described the structure of the molecules but then must complete the table for the functions of these molecules. Which description accurately compares the functions of carbohydrates and proteins and can be used to complete the table?
A. Carbs and proteins can both be used for energy by the cell.
B. Carbs and proteins can both be used as enzymes by the cell.
C. Carbs and proteins can both be used for signaling by the cell.
D. Carbs and proteins share no common functions since their structures are different.
A. Carbs and proteins can both be used for energy by the cell.
*Although the main role of carbs is energy and the main role of proteins is structure, signaling, and enzymes, both of these molecules can be a source of energy for the cell. Carbs can be quick energy, but in the absence of carbs and lipids, the cell can metabolize proteins.
100
An energy harvesting process is shown here that occurs commonly in ecosystems. Which statement(s) correctly identify the process and its role in the ecosystem? (Three answers)
A. Performed by producers in an ecosystem
B. This is photosynthesis. Products are glucose and oxygen
C. Performed by heterotrophs and producers in the ecosystem.
D. Products from this reaction are used as reactants in cellular respiration.
E. This is cellular respiration. Products are carbon dioxide and water.
A. Performed by producers in an ecosystem
B. This is photosynthesis. Products are glucose and oxygen
D. Products from this reaction are used as reactants in cellular respiration
200
Liver cells are responsible for the detoxification of the blood from chemicals. Which organelle would be found in higher concentrations in cells of the liver to aid in the detoxification process?
A. ribosomes
B. mitochondria
C. golgi apparatus
D. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
200
A scientist is studying the cell membrane and removes all the proteins. Which of the following would most likely happen?
A. The DNA stops replicating
B. The cell loses its ability to regulate materials entering and leaving
C. The membrane becomes more flexible allowing more material to enter the cell
D. The phospholipid heads stop being hydrophilic
B. The cell loses its ability to regulate materials entering and leaving
200
A macromolecule that holds cell information in a coded form. Made of sugar, phosphate and nitrogen-containing bases.
Nucleic Acids
200
Why do we say that "an enzyme is reusable"?
A. The enzyme does not actively take part in the reaction. It just indicates that the reaction is complete.
B. Enzymes react with the substrate molecules to form products and become denatured in the process.
C. Enzymes ensure that the reaction continues without inhibition even if conditions such as temp and pH are changed.
D. The products of the reaction are released from the active sites of the enzyme, allowing other substrate molecules to bind with the sites.
D. The products of the reaction are released from the active sites of the enzyme, allowing other substrate molecules to bind with the sites.
200
During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, we would expect what compound(s) to be produced?
A. Glucose C. Water and NADPH
B. ATP and NADPH D. Glucose and Oxygen
B. ATP and NADPH
300
An important organelle found in eukaryotic cells produces ribosomal subunits from proteins and ribosomal RNA, also known as rRNA. It then sends the subunits out to the rest of the cell where they combine into complete ribosomes. Ribosomes make proteins; therefore, this organelle plays a vital role in making proteins in the cell. What is this organelle?
Nucleolus
300
Students observed a membrane model where some proteins moved side to side while others stayed in place. Which conclusion does this support?
A. Membranes are made only of proteins
B. The membrane is fully rigid and impermeable to molecules moving in or out of the cell
C. Proteins in the membrane can move or stay fixed, depending on their function
D. All membrane parts are inactive
C. Proteins in the membrane can move or stay fixed, depending on their function
300
A macromolecule made up of mainly carbon and hydrogen atoms that is primarily used for energy storage and in cell membranes.
Lipids
300
All of the following are true facts about enzymes EXCEPT?
A. all living cells have enzymes
B. life would not be possible without enzymes
C. enzymes can speed up chemical reactions by hundreds to billions of times
D. there are few types of enzymes, but they each perform many types of reactions
D. there are few types of enzymes, but they each perform many types of reactions
*There are many different types of enzymes, and each one performs a specific function.
300
During the second set of photosynthetic reactions, called the Calvin Cycle (light-independent), all BUT ONE of the following occurs.
A. Glucose is the end product of the Calvin Cycle
B. By-products of the Calvin Cycle include water vapor and oxygen
C. Carbon dioxide, a reactant of photosynthesis, is utilized during the Calvin Cycle
D. ATP and NADPH, high energy molecules, are utilized to produce stored chemical energy
B. By-products of the Calvin Cycle include water vapor and oxygen
400
Muscle cells are specialized for contraction. They need lots of energy and specialized proteins. Which of these statements correctly pairs an organelle with its function in the cell?
A. Ribosomes make lipids.
B. The mitochondria makes ATP.
C. The lysosomes make proteins.
D. The golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins.
E. The endoplasmic reticulum transports molecules throughout the cell.
B. The mitochondria makes ATP.
D. The golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins.
E. The endoplasmic reticulum transports molecules throughout the cell.
400
A student wants to model the net movement of water out of a cell using a semi-permeable bag, water, a large beaker, and salt. Which setup could he use to model the net movement of water out of a cell?
A. Place a bag containing a 30% salt solution into a beaker containing a 10% salt solution
B. Place a bag containing a 30% salt solution into a beaker containing a 20% salt solution
C. Place a bag containing a 10% salt solution into a beaker containing a 10% salt solution
D. Place a bag containing a 20% salt solution into a beaker containing a 40% salt solution
D. Place a bag containing a 20% salt solution into a beaker containing a 40% salt solution
*In order for water to move out of the cell via osmosis, there must be a higher concentration of solute outside of the bag compared to inside the bag.
400
A organic compound that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, which is used by the body for growth and repair.
Proteins
400
Enzymes _____________.
A. are composed of long chains of fatty acids
B. can be destroyed by variations in temp or pH
C. are used up, in the process of performing a chemical reaction
D. raise the amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction
B. can be destroyed by variations in temp or pH
400
Bromothymol blue is an indicator used to show the levels of CO2 in liquids. After bromothymol blue is added to a solution, if there is a large amount of CO2, the solution will turn yellow in color. When there is little to no CO2 the solution turns blue. Two test tubes were filled with a solution of bromothymol blue. A student exhaled through a straw into each tube, and the bromothymol blue turned yellow. An aquatic green plant was placed into each tube, and the tubes were corked. One tube was placed in the dark, and one was placed in direct sunlight. The yellow solution in sunlight turned blue, while the one in the dark remained yellow. Which statement best explains why the solution in the tube placed in sunlight returned to a blue color?
A. Carbon dioxide was removed by photosynthesis
B. Carbon dioxide was produced by photosynthesis
C. Oxygen was removed by respiration
D. Carbon dioxide was produced by respiration
A. Carbon dioxide was removed by photosynthesis
500
A plant cell is placed in a solution with a lower concentration of solutes than inside the cell. Which organelle helps maintain homeostasis by managing the excess water that enters the cell?
A. Lysosome B. Mitochondria
C. Vacuole D. Ribosome
C. Vacuole
500
Some inquisitive students found two slugs and wanted to take them to science class. The only container they could find was a used potato chip bag. The students stored the slugs in the bag to take to school the next day, When the students opened the bag at school, they found that the slugs had melted and turned to slime. Explain why this happened?
A. The slugs had a defensive reaction to the salt, and the slime was a response to that reaction.
B. The salt around the slugs created a hypotonic environment, which caused water to diffuse into cells and made them undergo cytolysis.
C. The salt around the slugs created a hypertonic environment, which caused water to diffuse out of cells and the cells will shrink.
D. The salt around the slugs created an isotonic environment, which caused water to diffuse out of and into the cells which made the slugs melt.
C. The salt around the slugs created a hypertonic environment, which caused water to diffuse out of cells and the cells will shrink.
500
Which of the following best compares lipids and carbohydrates?
A. Carbs provide cells with the structures to build and repair cells, while lipids code for the cell's genetic info.
B. Carbs supply cells with fast, easy to use energy, while lipids supply cells with more, long-term energy.
C. Lipids supply cells with fast, easy to use energy, while carbs supply cells with more, long-term energy.
D. Lipids provide cells with the structures to build and repair cells, while carbs code for the cell's genetic info.
B. Carbs supply cells with fast, easy to use energy, while lipids supply cells with more, long-term energy.
500
Chemically speaking, enzymes are composed of chains of _________, and they are considered to be a type of ____________.
A. fatty acids, lipid
B. amino acids, protein
C. nucleotides, nucleic acid
D. monosaccharides, carbohydrates
B. amino acids, protein
500
In most hypotheses of early Earth and the formation of life, it is accepted that the atmosphere was a reducing one. This means that there was an abundance of methane, ammonia, and water vapor, but there was an absence of significant amounts of oxygen gas. Based on this assumption, what was likely the first metabolic activity to harness ATP to evolve in primitive cells?
A. Photosynthesis, as plants evolved before animals.
B. Cellular respiration, as this generates the most ATP.
C. Glycolysis, as this does not require organelles nor oxygen.
D. Calvin cycle, as glucose was required by all cells for metabolism.
C. Glycolysis, as this does not require organelles nor oxygen.