Biological Structure & Function
This type of cell has no nucleus, and its DNA floats freely in the cytoplasm.
Prokaryotic cell
These are the building blocks (monomers) of DNA.
Nucleotides
This type of evidence is found in preserved remains or traces of organisms from the past, showing similarities between ancient and modern species, supporting the idea of common ancestry.
Fossil record
This system works with the muscular system to respond to stimuli and regulate body functions.
Nervous system
What term is used to describe a stable internal environment?
Homeostasis
What is one major difference between viruses and cells?
Viruses require a host to reproduce.
Traits are determined by the sequence of these in a gene.
Nitrogen bases or base pairs
These anatomical features, which appear in different species but have a similar structure due to shared ancestry, provide evidence for common origin.
Homologous structures
The digestive system absorbs nutrients, but this system transports them throughout the body.
Circulatory system
Which type of transport does not require energy and moves molecules from high to low concentration?
Passive transport
This is the phase where a cell spends most of its life, growing and carrying out normal functions.
Interphase
This process occurs in the ribosomes, where the sequence of mRNA is read in sets of three bases, called codons, to assemble a specific sequence of amino acids, forming a protein.
Translation
This theory suggests that species appear suddenly in the fossil record with little to no intermediate forms, challenging the gradual model of evolutionary change.
Abrupt appearance or punctuated equilibrium
This plant tissue carries sugars made during photosynthesis to other parts of the plant.
Phloem
This process divides the nucleus and ensures ech new cell gets the same DNA.
Mitosis
The cell cycle is essential to organisms because it allows for these three key biological functions?
Growth, repair, and reproduction
This molecule, formed from a DNA template during transcription, carries the genetic instructions from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where proteins are synthesized.
mRNA
This process refers to the survival and reproduction of organisms best suited to their environment, leading to changes in the traits of populations over time, not in individual organisms.
Natural selection
This relationship occurs when one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed, such as when birds nest in trees without affecting the tree's health.
Commensalism
This process converts sunlight into chemical energy stored in glucose.
Photosynthesis
These molecules store long-term energy and make up most of the cell membrane.
Lipids
This type of mutation results in the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide, which shifts the reading frame of the genetic code and often results in a nonfunctional protein.
Frameshift mutations
Name the five fingers (mechanisms) of evolution.
1. Genetic drift
2. Mating (recombination)
3. Mutations
4. Gene Flow
5. Natural selection
Name the two cycles that move matter in an ecosystem between the atmosphere, organism, and the environment that are vital for providing the building blocks for life.
Nitrogen and carbon cycles
Photosynthesis stores energy in chemical bonds, while cellular respiration releases it in this molecule.
ATP