Biomolecules/Enzymes
These biomolecules speed up reactions, transport molecules, and provide structural support.
What are proteins?
mRNA is made from DNA during this process.
What is transcription?
DNA is duplicated during this part of the cell cycle.
What is interphase or the S phase?
This enzyme acts as molecular scissors, cutting DNA at specific sequences.
What is a restriction enzyme?
This process converts light energy into chemical energy in plants.
What is photosynthesis?
The monomer of carbohydrates is called this.
What is a monosaccharide?
Ribosomes read mRNA in 3-base segments called this.
What are codons?
These structures pull chromosomes apart during mitosis.
What are centrioles or spindle fibers?
A mutation in this type of cell can be inherited by offspring.
What is a gamete (sperm or egg cell)?
In a food chain, a primary producer has 2,000 calories of energy. How much energy will the primary consumer receive?
What is 200 calories?
Enzymes function by lowering this requirement in chemical reactions.
What is activation energy?
tRNA carries this to the ribosome.
What are amino acids?
What are the 4 phases of mitosis in order?
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
The inheritance pattern where a heterozygous individual expresses both alleles equally, such as in blood type AB.
What is codominance?
This human activity leads to increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which contributes to air pollution, global warming and climate change.
What is burning fossil fuels?
A change in pH or temperature can do this to an enzyme’s active site.
What is denature or change its shape?
What are the building blocks of proteins to make up proteins primary structure?
What are amino acids?
If an organism has 50 chromosomes in each body cell, what would the haploid number be?
What is 25?
The probability that two heterozygous parents (Bb) will produce an offspring with the recessive trait.
What is 25%?
What type of evidence compares DNA sequences between organisms to show evolutionary relationships?
What is molecular evidence?
A molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.
What are carbohydrates?
Give 3 differences between DNA and RNA. Must give 3
DNA = double helix, ATCG, Deoxyribose sugar, 1 type, can't leave the nucleus
RNA = single helix, AUCG, Ribose sugar, 3 types, can leave the nucleus
The type of reproduction that leads to genetic variation in offspring.
What is sexual reproduction/meiosis?
This type of mutation, caused by an insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in DNA, often leads to nonfunctional proteins due to the amino acid sequence being altered.
What is a frameshift mutation?
What is the term for structures that have similar anatomy but different functions due to common ancestry?
What are homologous structures?