Biochemistry
The polysaccharide that is the storage form of glucose in plants
What is starch?
A vesical for the temporary storage of materials like water, salt, carbohydrates, and proteins; smaller in animal cells (if even present) than in plant cells
What is a vacuole?
The stage of photosynthesis that requires water and light and produces ATP and oxygen
What are the light reactions?
This enzyme "unzips" the two strands of DNA during DNA replication
What is helicase?
The movement of genes into or out of a population, usually through migration
What is gene flow?
A major component of cell membranes that is composed of a phosphate head and fatty acid tail
Located in a plant cell and converts water and carbon dioxide to glucose; also contains the green pigment chlorophyll
The stage of photosynthesis that occurs in the stroma and produces glucose
What is the Calvin Cycle?
Adenine pairs with Uracil and Guanine pairs with Cytosine
What is RNA?
A lizard selects yellow beetles over brown beetles because they are easier to see on brown trees, therefore, causing the allele for brown coloration to increase in frequency
What is natural selection?
The monomer of proteins
What are amino acids?
Diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion are examples
This process occurs in the cytoplasm during cellular respiration and converts glucose to pyruvic acid
What is a gene?
When there is no change in allele frequencies in a population
What is genetic equilibrium?
Composed of three parts: nitrogenous base, simple (pentose) sugar, phosphate group
What are nucleic acids?
The diffusion of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from high to low concentration
What is osmosis?
This stage of aerobic cellular respiration produces up to 36 ATP and occurs after the Krebs Cycle
What is the Electron Transport Chain?
An organism with the genotype of Rr
What is a carrier?
What is artificial selection?
The amount of energy that is sufficient for a chemical reaction to occur; "jump starts" a chemical reaction
What is activation energy?
The secretion of materials at the cell membrane
What is exocytosis?
This process occurs in muscles when oxygen is not available for aerobic respiration
When a portion of DNA is copied onto an mRNA molecule and sent out of the nucleus
What is transcription?
A measure of the ability to survive and produce more offspring relative to other members of the population in a given environment
What is fitness?