Scientific Method
information gathered from an experiment is called ____
data
the smallest unit of life
cells
what is the smallest unit that retains the properties of matter?
element/atom
describe the pH scale
0-14
7 neutral, 1-6 acidic, 8-14 basic
the most abundant compound in living things
water
many _____ blank act as enzymes
proteins
a proposed explanation based on observations
hypothesis
the state of balance that organisms try to maintain
homeostasis
where are protons and neutrons found in an atom
in the nucleus
what does pH measure?
the amount of H+ ions
A group of organic compounds made up of fats and oils that acts as the main energy storage molecule
lipids
enzymes work as biological ______ to speed up chemical reactions
catalysts
______ data is a number while _____ data is descriptive
1. quantitative
2. qualitative
the chemical reactions that take place as living organisms build up and break down materials for energy
metabolism
a bond in which electrons are shared
covalent bond
an acid releases _____ in water while a base releases _____
A: H+
B: OH-
which organic compound is the main energy source
carbohydrate
the energy required to get a reaction started
activation energy
What are the steps of the scientific method?
1) make and observation
2) form a hypothesis
3) design an experiment
4) collect data
5) analyze data and draw conclusions
6) share information
blood clotting is an example of
positive feedback
the uneven sharing of electrons
polarity
if a solution has a higher amount of H+ ions than pure water it would be _____
acid (more H+ is more acidic)
What are the two nucleic acids?
DNA (double stranded) and RNA (single stranded)
As enzyme concentration increases, enzyme activity _______
increases
Leticia timed how fast apple slices turned brown after being dipped in different preservatives such as lemon juice, fruit freshener, and lime soda.
Identify the independent and dependent variable
I: type of preservative
D: how fast apple turns brown
blood glucose regulation is an example of
negative feedback
due to polarity water forms a ____ bond that is responsible for most properties of water
hydrogen bond
Solutions that prevent change in pH and neutralize a substance
buffers
proteins are made of monomers called
amino acids
What happens if temperature gets too hot
What is the difference between a constant and a control?
Constant: things that remain the same throughout an experiment
Control: group that does not get treatment
list the 7 characteristics of life
organization
reproduction
DNA
growth and development
use materials and energy
response to the environment
maintain homeostasis
list three of the properties of water
cohesion, adhesion, surface tension, specific heat, less dense as solid
how does the human body use buffers?
what are the three parts of a nucleotide?
5 C sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
enzymes denature and lose function