Principles of Biology
What is biology?
The scientific study of life
Unequal sharing of electron pairs is called?
Polar covalent bonding
Which class of macromolecules aren't polymers?
Lipids
What is the major function of fats?
Energy storage
What are two functions of protein?
Structural support, storage, transport, cellular communications, movement, defense against foreign substances, increase the rate of chemical reactions (enzymes)
Polymers of nucleic acids are called...
Polynucleotides
DNA
What does the acronym SPF stand for in sunscreen?
Sun protection factor
What are two features of living organisms?
1.) Order and organization
2.) Response to the environment
3.) Reproduction
4.) Regulation
5.) Growth and development
6.) Energy processing
7.) Evolutionary adaptation
Water sticking together
Cohesion
Speed up chemical reactions such as those that make or break down polymers
Enzymes
Covalent bond found in lipids
Ester linkage
DNA -> RNA -> Protein
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is programmed by a unit of inheritance called a...
Gene
What regulates what enters and exits the nucleus?
Nuclear pores
What is the name for a group of porcupines?
A prickle
Are viruses alive?
No; can't reproduce independently, don't grow or develop, don't self regulate, not cellular
Water sticks to something else
Adhesion
Reaction that occurs when two monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule
Dehydration (condensation) reaction
Have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible and no double bonds
Saturated fatty acids
Where does protein synthesis occur?
Ribosomes
What are the two types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
What carries out protein synthesis?
Ribosomes
What human-made body of water connects the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean?
The Panama Canal
A way of knowing about the natural world; making observations and testing hypotheses
Science
The total kinetic energy
Heat
Polymers composed of many sugar building blocks
Polysaccharides
The process of converting unsaturated fats to saturated fats by adding hydrogen
Hydrogenation
Proteins are made from...
Amino acids
Consists of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and one or more phosphate groups
Nucleotide
What organelle synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, detoxifies drugs and poisons, and stores calcium ions?
Smooth ER
How many bones does a shark have?
Zero
A broad framework or model for explaining natural phenomena
Scientific theory
The average kinetic energy
Temperature
The covalent bond that joins two monosaccharides
Glycosidic linkage
Sphere of lipid bilayer with interior aqueous compartment
Liposome
What bonds link amino acids?
Peptide bonds
What is the portion of a nucleotide without the phosphate group called?
Nucleoside
What organelle modifies products of the ER, manufactures certain macromolecules, and sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles?
Golgi apparatus
Which month of the year is National Ice Cream Month?
July
Name two scientific theories?
Evolutionary theory, atomic theory, plate tectonic theory, "Big Bang" theory, cell theory, germ theory, theory of gravity, theory of relativity, endosymbiotic theory
Substances which attract water are...
Hydrophilic
Storage polysaccharide of plants that consists entirely of glucose monomers
Starch
What is a molecule with a polar phosphate head and 2 nonpolar lipid tails called?
Phospholipid
What level of protein structure is described as local folding?
Secondary
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What organelle is a a membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that can digest macromolecules?
Lysosome
What is the name for the plastic or metal tube found on the ends of shoelaces?
An aglet
What term describes this:
Observations, testable hypothesis, controlled experiment, data collection, and conclusions?
Scientific Method
Substances which repel water are...
Hydrophobic
Structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of arthropods
Chitin
What molecule is recognized by its structure of four fused carbon rings?
Steroid
What level of protein structure is described as assembly of two or more protein subunits?
Quaternary
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic Acid
What does a contractile vacuole do?
Pump excess water out of cells
The first iPhone was released in what year?
2007