Cell Parts
Golgi apparatus
organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products
Prokaryote cell
No internal membrane; no nucleus
Isotonic
Equal solute concentration
Active transport
Metabolic energy; against concentration gradient
Lysosome
Digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed
Eukaryote
Membrane-enclosed nucleus; cytoplasm contains organelles
Hypertonic
in solute concentration > the cell's surroundings
Passive transport
No energy; along with concentration gradient
Peroxisome
Plant cell
Rigid cell walls; plastids; large vacuoles; no centrioles
Hypotonic
in solute concentration < the cell's surroundings
Exocytosis
Materials exit cell; membrane surface increases
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Animal cell
no cell wall; no chloroplast; small vacuoles
Plasmolysis
hypertonic solution; water moves out; cell membrane splits from cell wall
Endocytosis
Materials enter cell; membrane surface are decreases
Vacuole
Storage, breakdown of waste products,and hydrolysis of macromolecules
Cell size
Small prokaryotic cells carry out enough metabolic reactions in order to stay alive and reproduce. Larger eukaryotic cells are able to do many more functions.
Turgor Pressure
Hypotonic solution; water moves in; pressure against cell wall
Facilitated diffusion
Specific transport proteins move solutes across membrane; down concentration gradient; passive transport