Photosynthesis
What is photosynthesis?
The process whereby plants, algae, some bacteria, use the energy of the sun to synthesize organic compounds (sugars) from inorganic compounds (CO2 and water).
What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
The main purpose of cellular respiration is to produce energy (ATP) for the cell to carry out its functions.
What is a macromolecule?
Large molecules composed of smaller molecules.
What is the definition of organelle?
A "little organ".
What is the main function of mitochondria in a cell?
The main function of mitochondria is to produce energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
Where does photosynthesis occur in the cell?
The Chloroplast
What is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?
Anaerobic- Without air
Aerobic- With air
What are the four main macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, and Proteins
What is the known as the garbage disposal of the cell?
The lysosome
Describe at least three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. (Others will apply)
What function does the Calvin Cycle serve?
To make sugar from carbon dioxide.
Where does cellular respiration occur in the cell?
The Mitochondria
What are the four levels of the protein structure?
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary.
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
To store, modify, and package proteins.
How does diffusion work in the movement of oxygen into a cell? (Concentration)
Diffusion is the movement of oxygen from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, allowing oxygen to enter the cell and be used in cellular processes.
What is the chemical formula for photosynthesis?
CO2+H2O--->O2+C6H12O6
What is the chemical formula for cellular respiration?
O2+C6H12O6--->CO2+H2O
What is a monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharides?
Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of single sugar units like glucose and fructose. Disaccharides are formed by the linkage of two monosaccharide molecules. Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides linked together, like starch, glycogen, and cellulose, which serve as energy storage or structural components in organisms.
What are three properties of the nucleus?
-Control center of the cell
-Contains DNA
-Surrounded by a double membrane
-Usually the easiest organelle to see under a microscope
-Usually one per cell
If a cell has a low concentration of water inside and the outside has a high concentration of water, what will happen to the cell? Why?
The cell will absorb water from the outside environment because of osmosis. Water moves from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration, causing the cell to swell through hypotonic means.
What is the role of NADPH in photosynthesis?
NADPH provides the electrons and hydrogen needed to convert carbon dioxide into sugars during the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis.
How many compartments are there in the mitochondrion? Name one of these compartments.
3 compartments. Intermembrane Space, Cristae Space, and Matrix.
What is Chitin?
A polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of arthropods.
Name every main plant cell organelle that we discussed. (There are ten).
Ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Nucleus
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
How do photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and greenhouse gases connect?
Photosynthesis takes in carbon dioxide and releases oxygen, helping to reduce greenhouse gases. Cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide when cells use oxygen to make energy.