Enzymes (Ch. 8)
What do enzymes do to activation energy?
Lower It
ΔG < 0 means the reaction is…
Exergonic
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytosol
Where do light reactions occur?
Thylakoid membranes
RNA uses _______ instead of thymine.
Uracil
Where does the substrate bind?
Active site
What is entropy?
Disorder
What enters the Krebs cycle?
Acetyl-CoA
What pigment absorbs sunlight?
Chlorophyll
DNA is double-stranded and ________ is single-stranded.
RNA
What happens if an enzyme overheats?
It denatures
Write the Gibbs equation.
ΔG = ΔH – TΔS
What is the final electron acceptor?
Oxygen
What does Photosynthesis II split?
Water
What enzyme makes RNA?
RNA polymerase
Give one example of a cofactor.
Zn²⁺, Mg²⁺
Endergonic reactions require…
Energy input
What creates the proton gradient?
ETC
Where does the Calvin cycle happen?
Stroma
Complementary to DNA strand ATGC is…
TACG
Why does adding more substrate eventually NOT increase reaction rate?
Enzyme saturation
Why are spontaneous reactions not always fast?
High activation energy
What is the ATP synthase powered by?
Proton gradient
List the 3 phases of the Calvin cycle.
Fixation → Reduction → Regeneration
What are the three types of RNA?
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA