DNA Structure
Q: What does DNA stand for.
A: Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
Q: What is a Punnet square.
A: A Punnet square is a diagram used to predict the possible genotypes of offspring based on the genotypes of their parents.
Q: What is a mutation.
A: A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism. It's like a typo in the genetic instructions.
Q: What is the main purpose of meiosis.
A: The main purpose of meiosis is to produce gametes.
Q: I'm essential for life, but too much of me can drown you. I'm in the air, but I'm not oxygen. What am I.
A: Water (H2O).
Q: Name the four nucleotide bases found in DNA.
A: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C)
Q: If "T" represents a tall pea plant and "t" represents a short pea plant, what does "Tt" mean.
A: "Tt" means the plant is heterozygous.
Q: True or False: All mutations are harmful.
A: False.
Q: How many divisions occur during meiosis(list them).
A: Meiosis I and Meiosis II.
Q: I'm the powerhouse of the cell, but I'm not the nucleus. I produce energy, but I'm not the sun. What am I.
A: Mitochondria
Q: Describe the basic structure of a DNA molecule.
A: DNA has a double helix structure, which looks like a twisted ladder.
Q: In a Punnet square, where do you write the parent's alleles.
A: One parent's alleles are written across the top of the square, and the other parent's alleles are written down the left side.
Q: Can mutations be passed down to offspring.
A: Yes.
Q: True or False: Meiosis only occurs in humans.
A: False.
Q: I'm made of nucleotides, but I'm not DNA. I help make proteins, but I'm not a ribosome. What am I.
A: RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
Q: What is the base pairing rule in DNA.
A: Adenine (A) always pairs with Thymine (T), Guanine (G) always pairs with Cytosine (C)
Q: If both parents have the genotype "Bb", how many different genotypes can their children have(list them).
A: Their children can have 3 different genotypes: BB, Bb, and bb.
Q: What's the difference between a gene mutation and a chromosomal mutation?
A: A gene mutation affects a small part of one gene, while a chromosomal mutation involves large changes to a chromosome or the number of chromosomes.
Q: What's the difference between the cells produced by mitosis and meiosis.
A: Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Meiosis produces four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Q: I'm green, but I'm not a leaf. I can make food from sunlight, but I'm not a plant. I live in water, but I'm not a fish. What am I.
A: Algae.
Q: What is the difference between a gene and a chromosome.
A: A gene is a specific sequence of DNA that codes for a particular trait or protein, while a chromosome is a larger structure made up of DNA and proteins that contain many genes.
Q: True or False: A Punnet square helps predict the eye color of a family's pet dog.
A: False. Punnet squares are used to predict genetic outcomes in offspring.
Q: Name one factor that can cause mutations.
A: UV radiation from sunlight, Certain chemicals, Copying errors during cell division, Viruses.
Q: What is crossing over in meiosis.
A: Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
Q: I'm a process that plants use, but I'm not growth. I use sunlight, but I'm not solar power. I produce oxygen, but I'm not an oxygen tank. What am I.
A: Photosynthesis