Cells and Organelles
This organelle is known as the "powerhouse of the cell."
What is the mitochondrion?
This process moves water across a semipermeable membrane.
What is osmosis?
These structures in the lungs are the site of gas exchange.
What are alveoli?
In a scientific name, the first word represents this taxonomic level.
What is a genus?
Organisms that make their own food are called this.
What are producers/autotrophs?
The phospholipid bilayer forms this structure around the cell.
What is the cell membrane?
Movement of particles from high to low concentration is called this.
What is diffusion?
Tiny openings on a leaf that allow gas exchange are called these.
What are stomata?
This scientist developed the modern system of binomial nomenclature.
Who is Carl Linnaeus?
These organisms break down dead organic matter.
What are decomposers?
This organelle modifies and packages proteins before they leave the cell.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
This form of transport requires ATP.
What is active transport?
Moist, large surface area, thin membrane, projections e.g. villi,
What evidence do scientists commonly use today to classify organisms more accurately?
DNA or molecular evidence.
About what percentage of energy is transferred between trophic levels?
10%
Name the organelle responsible for protein synthesis and explain its role.
What are ribosomes? They assemble amino acids into proteins.
During photosynthesis, light energy is converted into this form of stored energy.
What is chemical energy in glucose?
Water moves from the roots to the leaves through this process of evaporation from leaf surfaces.
What is transpiration?
Name two human activities that commonly reduces biodiversity.
Habitat destruction, pollution, overfishing, introduced species, climate change, etc.
Explain why food chains rarely have more than four or five trophic levels.
Most energy is lost as heat and waste at each transfer.
Explain why eukaryotic cells can generally perform more specialised functions than prokaryotic cells.
They contain membrane-bound organelles that compartmentalise cellular processes.
Compare diffusion and active transport in terms of energy requirements and concentration gradients.
Diffusion requires no energy and moves down a gradient; active transport requires ATP and moves against a gradient.
Explain why multicellular organisms require specialised exchange systems while unicellular organisms do not.
Larger organisms have lower SA:V ratios and cells are too far from the external environment for diffusion alone.
Explain why genetic diversity is important within a population.
It increases the likelihood that some individuals will survive environmental change or disease.
Describe how the removal of a keystone species can affect ecosystem stability.
It can cause major population changes and disrupt food webs throughout the ecosystem.