Evolution Basics
English: What does “survival of the fittest” mean?
Spanish: ¿Qué significa “supervivencia del más apto”?
The organisms best able to reproduce pass on their genes.
English: Define mutation.
Spanish: Define mutación.
A change in DNA.
English: What is an isolated population?
Spanish: ¿Qué es una población aislada?
A group separated from others, preventing gene mixing.
English: What does DNA stand for?
Spanish: ¿Qué significa ADN?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
English: What does a cladogram show?
Spanish: ¿Qué muestra un cladograma?
Relationships and common ancestors.
English: What is camouflage used for?
Spanish: ¿Para qué sirve el camuflaje?
To blend into the environment and avoid predators.
English: What does homozygous mean?
Spanish: ¿Qué significa homocigoto?
Two identical alleles.
English: What is gene flow?
Spanish: ¿Qué es el flujo genético?
Movement of genes due to migration.
English: What does mRNA do?
Spanish: ¿Qué hace el ARNm?
Carries DNA instructions to the ribosome.
English: What is a vestigial structure?
Spanish: ¿Qué es una estructura vestigial?
A structure with reduced or no function.
English: What is a vestigial structure?
Spanish: ¿Qué es una estructura vestigial?
A body part with no current function.
English: What does heterozygous mean?
Spanish: ¿Qué significa heterocigoto?
Two different alleles.
English: What is genetic drift?
Spanish: ¿Qué es la deriva genética?
Random changes in small populations.
English: DNA: TAC → What is the mRNA codon?
Spanish: ADN: TAC → ¿Cuál es el codón de ARNm?
AUG.
English: How do organisms appear if they are closely related?
Spanish: ¿Cómo aparecen organismos que están más relacionados?
They share more branches on the cladogram.
English: Give one example of convergent evolution.
Spanish: Da un ejemplo de evolución convergente.
Sharks and dolphins have similar shapes but are unrelated.
English: Name one type of gene mutation.
Spanish: Nombra un tipo de mutación génica.
Substitution, insertion, deletion.
English: What is non-random mating?
Spanish: ¿Qué es el apareamiento no aleatorio?
Mates are chosen based on traits, not randomly.
English: What amino acid does AUG code for?
Spanish: ¿Qué aminoácido codifica AUG?
Methionine.
English: Give an example of a homologous structure.
Spanish: Da un ejemplo de una estructura homóloga.
Human arm, bat wing, whale flipper.
English: Compare gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.
Spanish: Compara el gradualismo y el equilibrio puntuado.
Gradualism = slow changes; Punctuated equilibrium = long stability with sudden changes.
English: Why are mutations important for evolution?
Spanish: ¿Por qué son importantes las mutaciones para la evolución?
They create variation that natural selection acts upon.
English: What is the founder effect?
Spanish: ¿Qué es el efecto fundador?
A small group starts a new population with limited variation.
English: What is transcription?
Spanish: ¿Qué es la transcripción?
Copying DNA into mRNA.
English: Why are fossils important evidence of evolution?
Spanish: ¿Por qué los fósiles son evidencia importante de la evolución?
They show changes in organisms over time.