Biology
During anaerobic respiration, which biological process is repeated?
Glycolysis is repeated.
Regarding cell energetics, plants and animals have what cellular process in common?
Cellular respiration
What is the end goal of photosynthesis?
The creation of glucose for cellular respiration.
What is the main benefit of cellular respiration?
The final burst of ATP
DNA replication is another large part of cell energetics. What is the starting point called?
The origin of replication.
The template strand is read in groups of three. These groups of three are called what?
Codons.
In what shape do prokaryotes replicate DNA?
In a circle
Animals use different ways to communicate, including chemicals. In order to reproduce together and stimulate meiosis, what sort of chemical is released?
Pheromones.
How do the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis interact with each other?
The NADPH and the ATP from the light reaction are reactants in the dark reaction.
The mitochondria are pivotal to cell energetics. What is the space where the ETC resides called?
The inner membrane
Cells that are produced from mitosis are…
Diploid
The Calvin Cycle is another name for the dark reaction. How does the Calvin Cycle contribute to photosynthesis?
3 Calvin Cycles produce 1 G3P, and 6 cycles produce one glucose for cellular respiration.
When cell division isn’t regulated and cancerous cells are produced, what is the main bodily response?
Apoptosis
Meiosis is the production of…
Gametes
Mitosis creates two identical what?
Daughter cells / diploid cells
Meiosis produces four diploid or haploid cells?
Haploid
What is it called when features on chromosomes intertwine with other chromosomes?
Crossing over
What is it called when offspring differ from what their parents look like?
Recombination
Topoisomerase is an enzyme involved in DNA replication. What is its role?
To keep the template strands from getting tangled.
What happens every time DNA is replicated?
It gets shorter.
Some membranes have selective permeability. The phospholipid bilayer is an example of this. If a molecule is hydrophilic, what is the most common way it will enter the cell?
Through transport proteins
During the Krebs cycle, a special kind of electron carrier called FADH2 is produced. Where does this carrier drop the electron, and what receives it?
The electron is brought to the electron transport chain, and Oxygen is the final electron receptor.
Homeostasis is something most organisms use to stay in a comfortable bodily functioning state. Membranes use homeostasis to stay functional. How is this done?
Cholesterol combats high and low temperatures to keep the membrane intact.
Okazaki fragments are unavoidable parts of the DNA replication process. How are the gaps fixed?
DNA ligase repairs the gaps.
Is apoptosis an endergonic or exergonic reaction?
Exergonic