Cellular Systems
What is the function of ribosomes?
to produce and synthesize proteins
What is the monomer of lipids? (name both)
Glycerol/Fatty acids
What are symbiotic relationships? Give an example.
two organisms interact closely with each other (Ex: mutualism, commensalism, parasitism)
What is the enzyme that assembles new complementary strands of DNA?
DNA polymerase
What is natural selection?
means that the environment determines which traits are "adaptive" (helpful for survival) and which traits are not, and those individuals with adaptive traits will survive and reproduce more often, meaning the adaptive traits will increase in frequency in the population over many generations
What is passive and active transport?
passive doesn't use energy to cross over and active does
What do these molecules have in common: NaCl, H20, and CO2
they are all inorganic molecules
Why do we need biodiversity in an ecosystem?
greater ecosystem stability
What does one chromosome contain?
Many genes
Identify all of the comparative studies and explain one.
cytology, biochemistry, anatomy, embryology (depends on the answer)
Name the stages of mitosis in order and how many chromosomes do they produce?
prophase->metaphase->anaphase->telophase (Cytokinesis) and produce same number of chromosomes as the parent
What is the function of proteins?
Receptors in enzymes, channels, and hormones
What are the two main things that require an ecosystem to be stable?
constant flow of energy and recycling of materials
How are all of the chromosomes in an individual observed? (Think chart)
a karyotype
What is a punctuated equilibrium?
the idea that populations are relatively stable/unchanging over long periods of time, punctuated by periods of rapid change, followed by long periods of stability
An egg and sperm cell fuse during fertilization to produce what?
a zygote (offspring cell)
What are the three factors that affect how enzymes work?
temperature, concentration, and pH
What is ecological succession, what does it begin with and what is an example of it? (Half points allowed)
the process by which one kind of community replaces another in a developing ecosystem - begins with pioneer organisms (ex: algae, lichens)
What are homologous chromosomes? (Hint: think genes and alleles)
chromosomes that contain the same genes in the same order but different alleles
What is "use and disuse"? (This theory was WRONG)
the production of egg cells
What do plants use to build cell walls and what do they produce? (half points allowed)
they use cellulose and they produce sugar
What is a food web made up of and how much energy is lost for each level in the biomass pyramid?
made up of multiple food chains and 10 percent was lost for each level
What are epigenetics?
the study of the influence of environment on gene expresion
What is the "bottleneck effect"? (Genetic drifts)
A type of genetic drift in which traits are lost by chance from a population due to a random event