Enzymes
What is the purpose of enzymes?
To speed up chemical reactions to maintain homeostasis.
What is the monomer of carbohydrates? The polymer?
Monosaccharides, Polysaccharides.
What makes a compound "organic"?
It contains carbon.
What type of macromolecule is typically used to provide structure and short term energy to the body?
Carbohydrates.
What is the strongest type of bond? What is the weakest?
Covalent bond, Hydrogen bond.
What is the input of energy required for a reaction to occur called?
Activation Energy.
What is the monomer for lipids? The types of polymers?
There is no definitive monomer, the closest thing is fatty acids. The four main types of polymers are triglycerides, phospholipids, waxes, and steroids.
What is the difference in elements between carbohydrates and lipids?
Both have Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen, but carbohydrates have a strict 1:2:1 ratio, while lipids have no set ratio.
What type of macromolecule is used for long term energy storage, insulation, and waterproofing?
Lipids.
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
The active site.
What is the monomer of nucleic acids? The polymer?
Nucleotides. Polymer is nucleic acids (like DNA and RNA).
What elements are found in nucleic acids?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorous.
What is the term for something that attracts (or mixes) with water?
Hydrophilic.
What is the term for when an Enzyme's shape is changed, to the point where it is unable to bind to it's substrate?
Denaturing.
What is the monomer of proteins? The polymer?
Amino acids are the monomer, and polypeptides are the polymer.
What are the most common elements found in living organisms?
Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus.
Which macromolecule is used to store genetic information, which is used to create RNA and proteins in order to help the body function?
Nucleic acids.
Cellulose, Chitin, Starch, and Glycogen are all what type of macromolecule?
Carbohydrates.
What two aspects of the surrounding environment affects an enzyme's productivity?
pH level and temperature. An Enzyme works the best in it's optimal conditions.
What is a string of amino acids connected by a peptide bond called?
A polypeptide.
What elements are found in proteins?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.
What is ATP? What kind of macromolecule is it?
ATP is the energy currency of the cell, and it is a nucleic acid (single nucleotide).
Nucleotides are made up of a phosphate group, sugar, and what else?
A nitrogenous base.