Unit 7: Transport Across the Membrane
This type of transport moves molecules from high concentration to low concentration without energy.
What is diffusion?
DNA is replicated during this phase of the cell cycle.
What is S phase?
This scientist’s X-ray diffraction images were critical to discovering DNA’s double helix structure.
Who was Rosalind Franklin?
These charts are used to predict the probability of offspring genotypes and phenotypes.
What are Punnett squares?
This mechanism of evolution occurs when alleles move between populations due to migration.
What is gene flow?
This membrane structure is made of two layers of lipids.
What is the phospholipid bilayer?
These are identical copies of a chromosome connected at the centromere.
What are sister chromatids?
The process of making mRNA from DNA is called this.
What is transcription?
An organism with two identical alleles for a trait is described by this term.
What is homozygous?
This type of selection favors individuals at both extremes of a trait distribution.
What is disruptive selection?
Water moves into a cell in this type of solution, causing an animal cell to swell.
What is a hypotonic solution?
This process produces two genetically identical daughter cells.
What is mitosis?
The enzyme that does transcription
What is RNA polymerase?
In this inheritance pattern, both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype.
What is codominance?
The peppered moth is an example of this mechanism of evolution.
What is natural selection?
This type of transport requires ATP to move substances against the concentration gradient.
What is active transport?
Crossing over occurs during this stage of meiosis.
What is Prophase I?
This type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome.
What is tRNA?
An inheritance pattern where males are more likely to be affected than females.
What is X-linked recessive?
These barriers prevent fertilization from occurring in the first place.
What are pre-zygotic barriers?
These membrane proteins help large or charged molecules cross the membrane without using energy.
An individual with Down syndrome has this chromosomal condition.
What is trisomy 21? (or nondisjunction at 21st chromosome)
A mutation that changes an amino acid in a protein to an early stop codon
What is a nonsense mutation?
Mendel’s Law stating allele pairs separate during gamete formation is called this.
What is the Law of Segregation?
A random change in allele frequencies in a population
What is genetic drift?