Molecules!
The class of biomolecules that store and transmit genetic information
Nucleic Acids
If a cell is able to make mRNA but unable to make proteins, it is because this organelle is not functioning properly.
Ribosomes
This vascular tissue in plants is responsible for transporting water from the roots, through the stem and out the leaves.
Xylem
Bonus: What are the tiny pores on the bottoms of leaves that allow for gas exchange?
The process that causes water to flow out of the cells of freshwater fish when they are placed in saltwater.
Osmosis
Bonus- If a freshwater fish shrivels in salt water, is the salt water consider hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic to the fish?
If a DNA sequence reads AAA TTT GGG CCC, then the complementary mRNA sequence made in transcription would read this.
UUU AAA CCC GGG
Bonus: Can you use a codon chart to determine what amino acids this mRNA sequence translates to?
These weak bonds are used to hold together complementary nitrogen base pairs (like Adenine and Thymine) in DNA
Hydrogen bonds
Bonus: What enzyme "zips" the DNA together in DNA replication by re-forming these H bonds?
The lipids and proteins in cellular structure form a selectively permeable barrier that helps the cell maintain homeostasis
The human body will release hormones to prevent water loss that could lead to dehydration in an interaction between these two systems.
Excretory and endocrine
Bonus: The hormones are transported in the blood and also prevent sweating. What other systems are involved?
This process allows multicellular organisms to grow, develop new structures, and repair damaged tissues.
Mitosis
In meiosis, crossing over and independent assortment of chromosomes along with two division cycles leads to the production of these (be as specific as possible!)
four, genetically diverse, haploid gametes
These are proteins that catalyze (or speed up) specific biological reactions by attaching to a specific substrate. They are especially sensitive to temperature and pH
Enzymes
Photosynthesis uses energy captured from the sun by chlorophyll in the bonds in the bonds of sugars that can be used as food by organisms. It occurs in this organelle.
Chloroplast
When a vine touches a pole, auxin, a plant hormone, accumulates on the side of the plant not touching the pole causing those cells to elongate and the plant to grow towards the pole. What type of response is this?
Thigmotropism
Bonus: give another example of thigmotropism and describe how it helps the plant survive.
The stage of mitosis where identical sister chromatids are separated by spindle fibers.
Anaphase
Bonus: What happens in Prophase, Metaphase, and telophase?
What is one similarity and one difference between your DNA and my DNA?
Similarity: both made out of the same nucleotides
Difference: nucleotides are in different sequences
Bonus: What does it mean when we say all organisms "share a universal genetic code"?
The three parts of a DNA nucleotide include these
deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
The main difference between bacterial cells and protista cells is that _____ lack membrane-bound organelles
bacteria lack membrane bound organelles- they are prokaryotes!
Pollination and fertilization both occur within this flower structure. Pollination occurs when pollen lands on the sticky end of the structure, while fertilization occurs when sperm and ovules unite forming seeds.
Pistil (the female flower structure)
Bonus: What part of a flower produces pollen?
In this type of transport, molecules are moved against the concentration gradient, or from an area where there is a low concentration of solute to where there is a high concentration of solute.
Active Transport
A section of DNA reads CTT- AGC- TAA.
What is the amino acid sequence that will result after transcription and translation?
DNA: CTT - AGC - TAA
mRNA: GAA- UCG- AUU
AA: Glu - Ser - Ile
The Stanley-Miller experiment tested Oparin's hypothesis and demonstrated that the conditions on early earth were able to generate these.
Amino acids and nucleotides
All cells contain __1__, but only eukaryotic cells contain __2__.
1: DNA
2: nucleus
Other answers are acceptable!
HIV is a lysogenic virus that infects white blood cells in humans by incorporating its genetic information in a host cell's genome. How can a person go years without knowing they are infected with HIV?
no new viruses are made right away.
Cellular respiration is the process carried out by all organisms that converts the chemical energy in glucose into ATP, chemical energy cells can use. What product of cellular respiration contributes to the carbon cycle?
Carbon dioxide
Bonus: What are the reactants required for cellular respiration to occur and what body systems are involved in providing those molecules in animals?
The following mutation occurs:
ACC - TGG - AGC --> ACC- ATG- GAG- C
What will be the most likely result of this mutation?
Each amino acid after the mutation will be affected.
Bonus: What type of mutation is this?