Vocabulary 1
What is an organism called with two different alleles of a particular gene or genes.
heterozygous
What is it called when an organism has two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes?
homozygous
What is an organism that makes its own food?
autotroph
Photosynthesis takes place in which organelle?
chloroplast
In which parts of a plant would you expect to find cells with the most chloroplasts?
leaves
What is the structural changes in an organism that enhance its survival and reproduction in a particular environment.
morphological adaptation or adaptation
What is the genetic combination responsible for an organism’s phenotype; an organism’s unique genetic makeup
genotype
What is an organism that must ingest other organisms to get energy?
heterotroph
Which process do most producer organisms change light energy into chemical energy?
photosynthesis
What determines gender in humans?
X and Y chromosomes
What occurs when both alleles of a gene are expressed in the phenotype, meaning both traits are visible in an organism. ex) a black chicken and a white chicken produce a black and white chicken.
codominance
What are anatomical features in different species that share a common ancestry? While they may have similar structures, their functions can differ significantly.
homologous structures
What are the observable characteristics of an organism determined by its genes?
phenotype
What do cells store and release as the main source of chemical energy?
ATP
Bird wings and butterfly wings have similar features that are considered what kind of structures? (Hint: same function; different structure)
analogous structures
What is one of two or more forms of a gene that are found at the same place on a chromosome.?
allele
What are features in different species that serve the same functions but have different structures?
analogous structures
What occurs when a cross between a heterozygous individual exhibits a phenotype that is an intermediate blend of the homozygous phenotypes. ex) a red flower and a white flower produce a pink flower?
incomplete dominance
All types of cellular respiration begin with which step?
glycolysis
Which of the following best illustrates the principle of codominance?
1. red flower and a white flower produce pink offspring
2. A tall pea plant and a short pea plant produce medium-height offspring
3. A black-feathered chicken and a white-feathered chicken produce offspring with both black and white feathers
4. A type A blood parent and a type B blood parent produce a type O child
3. A black-feathered chicken and a white-feathered chicken produce offspring with both black and white feathers
What are body features that have lost much/all of their original function but are still present in an organism?
vestigial structures
What is the metabolic process that needs oxygen to turn glucose into energy?
aerobic respiration
What is the metabolic process that turns glucose into energy in the absence of oxygen?
anaerobic respiration
What waste product of photosynthesis is released into the environment?
oxygen
Which is not an example of a morphological adaptation?
Cytochrome c is similar in monkeys and humans
Butterflies evolve similar color patterns
A harmless species of snake resembles a harmful species
Young birds have adaptations for blending in with their environment
1. cytochrome c is similar in monkeys and humans