Foundation, Chemistry
The Cell
Cell Division
Classification
Plants & Photosynthesis
100
The energy needed to get a chemical reaction started is called __________
What is "activation energy"
100
These types of cells do not have a nucleus, and are usually smaller and simpler
What is "prokaryotes"
100
In cell division, the DNA is condensed and wrapped around proteins to form these structures
What is "chromosomes"
100
The naming system whereby each species is given a 2-part name (Genus & species) is called what?
What is "binomial nomenclature"
100
Which group of plants was the first to colonize land?
What is "bryophytes:mosses, hornworts, liverworts"
200
A logical interpretation of observations based on what scientists already know.
What is "inference"
200
Name 2 cell organelles that are involved in protein synthesis in the cell.
What is "nucleus, ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum (modification of proteins), golgi apparatus (modifies, sorts, & packages the proteins)"
200
During which phase of mitosis does a nuclear envelope begin to form around 2 sets of chromosomes at opposite ends of the cell?
What is "telophase"
200
Which 4 kingdoms belong to the domain, Eukarya?
What is "Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia"
200
Name the two molecules used to capture energy in the light dependent reactions, and transfer it over to the light independent reactions.
What is "ATP, NADPH"
300
Carbon is an essential element to life because it is extremely versatile. Provide 2 reasons as to how its chemistry enables/ causes its versatility.
What is "carbon has 4 valence electrons, allowing it to form strong covalent bonds with other elements. These include H, O, P, S, & N. It can also bond with other atoms of carbon, to form long chains and rings"
300
Name the 3 tenets of cell theory.
What is "1.) all living things are made of cells, 2.) cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, 3.) new cells are produced from existing cells"
300
Name the 3 phases of interphase. What happens during each? (must answer completely correctly to earn points)
What is "G1 phase: growth, new proteins & organelles synthesized; S phase: new DNA is synthesized; G2 phase: organelles & molecules needs for division are produced"
300
What is the pneumonic we use to remember the 7 hierarchical taxa (i.e. groups living things belong to)?
What is "Do Keep Pond Clean Or Froggy Gets Sick"
300
What are the 2 types of vascular tissue? What do they transport?
What is "xylem: water & minerals, phloem: sugars"
400
Name 4 of the 8 characteristics of living things.
What is "1.) universal genetic code, 2.) growth and development, 3.) response to the environment, 4.) reproduction, 5.) homeostasis - stable internal environment, 6.) obtain & use materials & energy, 7.) made up of cells, 8.) as a group, living things evolve"
400
If you place a cell in a hypertonic solution, what will happen? Why, what is the name of this process?
What is "hypertonic means that the solution has a higher concentration of solutes than the inside of the cell. Therefore, the cell will shrink because water will leave the cell in an attempt to dilute the outside solution. The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called osmosis"
400
Calculate the surface area to volume ratio of a square box with one side measuring 3cm.
What is "surface area = 6 x 3 x 3 = 54 cm squared; volume = 3 x 3 x 3 = 27 cm squared; SA:Vol = 54:27 = 2:1"
400
What are the main differences between the domains, Bacteria and Archaea?
What is "the cell walls of Bacteria contain peptidoglycan, whiles those of Archaea do not. Archaea bacteria live in extreme environments (e.g. volcanic hot springs, brine pools) while Bacteria bacteria live in a wide variety of environments (your skin, soil)"
400
Name the 3 factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis, and explain how they do so (must answer completely correctly to score points).
What is "temperature: photosynthetic reactions rely on enzymes that function best between 0-35 deg C; light intensity: higher light intensity increases rate of photosynthesis, but eventually the rate plateaus; water: a raw material of photosynthesis"
500
What are the 4 categories of organic molecules? What are the monomers of each group? (must answer completely correctly to score points)
What is "carbohydrates - monosaccharides, lipids - glycerol + fatty acid, nucleic acids - nucleotides, proteins - amino acids"
500
Name 4 differences between a plant and an animal cell.
What is "plant: cell wall, chloroplasts, rarely have lysosomes, no centrioles; many plant cells also have a large, central vacuole which is larger than that in animal cells and provides added structure to the cell"
500
With regards to cell differentiation, what do each of the following words mean? Pluripotent, multipotent, totipotent
What is "1.) totipotent: able to do anything, i.e. develop into any cell in the body (e.g. fertilized zygote); 2.) pluripotent:can develop into any of the cell's body types, except the tissues surrounding the embryo (e.g. inner cell mass of the blastocyst), 3.) multipotent: types of differentiated cells these cells can form is usually limited to replacing cells in the tissues in which they're found (e.g. adult stem cells)"
500
Name 3 characteristics of the kingdom, Fungi.
What is "heterotrophic, feed on dead or decaying organic matter, cell walls contain chitin, some are multicellular (e.g. mushrooms) while others are unicellular (e.g. yeast)"
500
Explain the difference between a gametophyte and a sporophyte. In which plant groups is alternation of generations dominated by the gametophyte? (must answer completely correctly to score points)
What is "gametophyte = multicellular haploid (N) phase, produces gametes; sporophyte = multicellular diploid (2N) phase, produces spores; gametophyte-dominated plant groups = green algae, bryophtes"
M
e
n
u