Macromolecules
Crossing the membrane

Protein Synthesis
Cells and their parts
Genetic Engineering
100
glucose and fructose are examples of these
What are carbohydrates?
100
If the concentration of sodium is greater outside the cell than inside the cell, this would move sodium out of the cell
What is active transport?
100
The end product of this process is an mRNA molecule
What is transcription?
100
three organelles found in plants and not in animals
What is the chloroplast, cell wall and large central vacuole?
100
A chemical that cuts DNA at a specific site
What is a restriction enzyme?
200
These molecules are made of polypeptide chains
What is a protein?
200
Large molecules need to be enclosed in a vesicle and cross by this method (be specific)
What is endocytosis or exocytosis?
200
at the ribosome, this molecule brings the amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain
What is tRNA?
200
these types of cells are the oldest life forms that we know of
What are prokaryotic cells?
200
We use this technique to increase the size of a sample of DNA
What is PCR?
300
these three parts make up a nucleotide
What is a sugar, phosphate and a nitrogen base?
300
the special case of the diffusion of water
What is osmosis?
300
Three bases in mRNA make this up
What is a codon?
300
Both the cell itself and the nucleus of the cell have this protective covering.
What is a membrane?
300
the shortest fragments run the furthest in this
What is a DNA electrophoresis gel?
400
Oils and butter are two substances that fall into this category of macromolecules
What are lipids?
400
Substances flow from areas of greater concentration to areas of lessor concentration
What is diffusion?
400
Three bases in tRNA make this up
What is an anticodon?
400
There are many of these organelles in muscle cells
What are mitochondria?
400
The genome of an organism that has been modified to include genes from a different species
What is recombinant DNA?
500
the element most important to building all other molecules because it has four bonding sites
What is carbon?
500
phosphate heads and lipid tails make this structure up
What is the cell membrane?
500
the locations of transcription and translation
Where is the nucleus (transcription) and the ribsome (translation)?
500
A cell is the basic unit of life. All life is made of cells and all cells come from preexisting cells.
What is cell theory?
500
the process by which we screen out the bacteria that don't take up the recombinant plasmid
What is antibiotic selection
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