Genetics
A group of non-epistatic genes that together influence a phenotypic trait
Polygenic Inheritance
The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.
Speciation
Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Lipids
A distinguishing quality or characteristic
Trait
Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen
Cellular Respiration
A parent's two gene copies are randomly distributed to its gametes
Law of Segregation
Movement of alleles into or out of a population due to the migration of individuals to or from the population
Gene Flow
A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Prokaryote
Having two different alleles of a particular gene
Heterozygous
(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work
ATP
The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring.
Crossing Over
Change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information
Mutation
A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
Eukaryote
A unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring
Gene
Type of asexual reproduction in which an organism replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells
Binary Fission
First step of gene expression in which a segment of DNA is copied into RNA
Transcription
A change in the allele frequency of a population as a result of chance events rather than natural selection.
Genetic Drift
The starches and sugars present in foods; broken down to glucose to provide energy
Carbohydrates
Body Cell
Somatic Cell
A scale of acidity from 0 to 14. It tells how acidic or alkaline a substance is. More acidic solutions have lower pH. More alkaline solutions have higher pH. Substances that aren't acidic or alkaline (that is, neutral solutions) usually have a pH of 7
pH
Macromolecule consisting of one or more long chains of amino acids
Protein
The gradual change in a species over time
Evolution
Phospholipid bilayer that surrounds all cells and regulates what enters and leaves the cell
Cell Membrane
An inherited characteristic that appears in an offspring if it is contributed from a parent through a dominant allele
Dominant Trait
Process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches
Photosynthesis