Ecology
Examples of ex-situ conservation?
zoos, captive breeding programmes, any other valid answer
What property of water allows it to flow continously through the xylem?
Cohesion/Hydrogen bonding
Which two colors of light does chlorophyll absorb most?
red and blue
Where does the link reaction occur in the cell?
Mitochondria
What are the non coding sequences where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription?
x% of energy is lost as heat or waste when moving to the next trophic level
90%
What is the function of the right ventricle?
Pumping blood into the pulmonary artery
Carbon fixation, reduction, RuBP regeneration
What are the exact products of Krebs Cycle per two turns?
- 4 CO2
- 6NADH
- 2 FADH
- 2 ATP
What is epigenetics?
Environmental factors that can chemically alter gene expression patterns without changing the DNA sequence
What is the role of the internal intercostal muscles during ventilation of the lungs?
Increase the pressure in the thorax
Who is the person that came up with the Calvin Cycle?
How many ATP molecules (net yield) are produced per molecule of glucose as a direct result of glycolysis?
2 ATP per molecule
What are enhancers?
Non-coding regulatory sequences on DNA are bound by activator proteins to drastically increase the rate of transcription.
Describe convergent evolution
Unrelated species that evolve to be more similar to each other from similar environmental adaptations
How many H+ ions are needed for ATP synthase to combine 1 ADP + Pi to make ATP?
3 Hydrogen Ions
How is the structure of the cristae of the mitochondria highly adapted to maximize the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation?
It maximises surface area for electron transport and ATP synthase enzymes.
What is histone acetylation?
This chemical modification to histone tails neutralizes their positive charge, loosening their grip on DNA and allowing transcription to occur.