Xylem
Phloem
Growth
Reproduction
Misc.
100
The ability of a liquid to flow in a narrow space against the flow of gravity
What is capillary action?
100
The process in which organic compounds are transported from source to sink.
What is translocation?
100
A group of hormones produced by the tip of a shoot or root (i.e. apical meristems) that regulate plant growth.
What are auxins?
100
Name at least six parts of the flower.
100
This insect is used to measure the rate of phloem transport.
What is an aphid?
200
The loss of water from leaves and stems of plants
What is transpiration?
200
Name three examples of a sink.
Roots, fruits, seeds, young leaves
200
Give two applications of micropropagation.
Rapid bulking, propagating rare species, producing virus-free strains
200
Leaf pigments which are used by the plant to detect periods of light and darkness.
What are phytochromes?
200
The active form of phytochrome.
What is Pfr?
300
Type of cell in the Xylem that are hollow and allow for free movement of water
What are dead cells?
300
How are phloem and xylem vessels positioned in the root of a dicotyledon flower?
xylem vessels are centered towards the center and are surrounded by phloem vessels.
300
Name the two types of meristems, their locations, and their functions.
300
Name the three distinct phases of reproduction in plants (in order).
Pollination, fertilization and seed dispersal
300
Pollinators are involved in a _______ relationship with the flowering plant.
What is mutualistic?
400
Cells that can regulate transpiration by opening and closing stomata
What are guard cells?
400
Distinguish between the structures of sieve tubes and companion cells.
Companion cells provide support during the process of loading and unloading materials at source and sink. They have infolding plasma membranes to increase SA:V ratio, as well as many mitochondria and transport proteins.
Sieve tubes are connected together by plasmodesmata and have no nuclei. They furthermore have reduced numbers of organelles.
400
Auxins ______ growth in the shoot apex, and ______ growth in lateral (axillary) buds.
Promote/encourage/cause and inhibit/prevent/stop
400
List the four conditions for seeds to germinate.
Oxygen, temperature, water, pH
400
Name at least two plant hormones.
Auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene, abscisic acid
500
Small, thick leaves and reduced number of stomata are examples of...
decreasing transpirational water loss.
500
Explain the role that water uptake by osmosis plays in the process where high concentrations of organic material are loaded from the source (=mass flow).
The active transport of organic compounds cause the sucrose solution to become hypertonic in the phloem vessels, causing water to enter the vessel via osmosis from the xylem (moving from low to high concentration). This causes the hydrostatic pressure to increase in the phloem vessel, which forces the phloem sap to move towards the areas of lower pressure, hence towards the sinks.
500
Define "tropism" and give at least two examples.
Tropisms describe the growth or turning movement of an plant in response to a directional external stimulus
Examples: phototropism, geotropism, gravitropism, hydrotropism, thigmotropism
500
Contains the food stores for the seed and forms the embryonic leaves.
What is the cotyledon?
500
The common name for the viscous fluid of the phloem.
What is plant sap?