History of DNA
DNA Replication
RNA & Protein Synthesis
Mutations
Gene Regulation
100
The DNA molecule is twisted into a _______ _____.
double helix
100
The process by which DNA makes an exact copy of itself:
DNA replication
100
organelle where protein synthesis occurs:
ribosome
100
the term given to any change in the genetic material:
mutation
100
A group of genes that work together as a unit.
operon
200
Two scientists that figured out the structure of DNA:
James Watson & Francis Crick
200
Enzyme that "unzips" the DNA molecule:
helicase
200
The subunits of a protein that each codon codes for:
amino acid
200
2 main types of mutations that occur to the genetic material:
gene & chromosomal
200
The very first cell we all started as:
zygote
300
3 things that make up a DNA nucleotide:
phosphate group, deoxyribose (5-C) sugar, & nitrogenous base
300
Enzyme that joins complementary nucleotides to template strand:
DNA polymerase
300
Name three things about RNA that make it different from DNA:
single stranded, ribose sugar, uracil (instead of thymine)
300
Type of mutation when a deletion or insertion happens in the DNA and it moves the reading frame of triplets:
frameshift mutation
300
genes that control development and differentiation:
hox
400
What did Hershey & Chase use to prove that DNA was the genetic material because it injected its DNA into a bacterium to take over the cell?
bacteriophages
400
Because the new DNA molecules each contain 1 original + 1 new strand, we say that DNA replication is _____________ in nature.
semiconservative
400
Term for "junk" DNA that is edited out of the mRNA transcript before it leaves the nucleus:
introns
400
Type of chromosomal mutation in which part of one chromosome breaks off and reattaches to another chromosome:
translocation
400
A group of genes in E. coli that break down lactose:
lac operon
500
Who investigated how pneumonia makes mice sick and discovered one strain of bacteria could be changed permanently into another strain of bacteria?
Frederick Griffith
500
Name of the small pieces of DNA on the lagging strand during replication:
Okazaki fragments
500
What are the three types of RNA and what to the first letters stand for?
messenger (mRNA), transfer (tRNA), ribosomal (rRNA)
500
Name three things that can result from mutations:
nothing (neutral), genetic disorders/diseases, cause cancer, new genetic variability (evolution), polyploidy (plants)
500
Name of protein produced by the regulatory gene that binds to the operator and blocks transcription:
active repressor
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