Biology Basics
Which statement correctly describes macromolecules?
Most macromolecules contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What is the primary goal of cellular respiration?
To convert glucose into ATP
What is the overall chemical equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + O2
Which of the following is an example of a tertiary consumer?
Owl
What is the overall chemical equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
What is the primary source of energy for all life on Earth?
The Sun
Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?
Cytoplasm
Which part of the chloroplast is responsible for the light-dependent reactions?
Thylakoid membrane
Which trophic level consists of organisms that eat primary consumers?
Secondary consumers
How does biodiversity contribute to the sustainability of an ecosystem?
It allows organisms to have multiple food sources
What is the function of enzymes?
Regulation of biochemical reactions
What is produced during glycolysis?
2 ATP and 2 NADH
What happens to the energy carried by ATP and NADPH in the Calvin Cycle?
It is used to power the conversion of CO2 to glucose
What does the Rule of 10 state about energy transfer in food chains?
Only 10% of energy is transferred to the next level
Why do root cells in a plant not need chloroplasts?
Roots are underground and not exposed to sunlight
What is the purpose of feedback mechanisms in maintaining homeostasis?
To stabilize or amplify system response
Which process occurs in the absence of oxygen?
Fermentation
What happens to the G3P molecules produced in the Calvin Cycle?
Some leave to form glucose, others regenerate RuBP
What is the main difference between a food chain and a food web?
A food chain shows only one path of energy flow, while a food web shows multiple interconnected paths.
What does it mean for a cell membrane to be selectively permeable?
It is picky about what goes in and out of the cell
Which of the following is NOT one of the three main principles of the Cell Theory?
Cells are the smallest part of an organism capable of all life's processes.
What role does NAD+ and FAD play in cellular respiration?
They act as electron carriers
Where does photosynthesis occur in plant cells?
Chloroplasts
Which of the following statements is true regarding energy flow in ecosystems?
Energy is lost as heat
What is the correct order of organization from smallest to largest?
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism