What are the 4 most common elements in living things?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen
100
What is an enzyme? What type of macromolecule is it?
a catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions, protein
100
Who first discovered cells?
Robert Hooke
100
What are flagella used for?
moving/swimming
100
What are two differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
internal membranes, DNA, organelles, complexity
200
What is the monomer for a carbohydrate? Give an example of one.
monosacharide-glucose, ribose, fructose
200
What is an active site?
the place where the enzyme binds to the substrate
200
Who created the first microscope and used it to look at cells?
Anton von Leuwenhoek
200
How is DNA different in a prokaryote than in a eukaryote?
In a prokaryote it is just one big loop in the cell, in a eukaryote it is arranged in chromosomes and located in a nucleus
200
Name 2 differences between animal and plant cells.
cell wall, chloroplasts, vacuoles
300
What is the monomer of nucleic acids? What are the 3 parts that make them up?
nucleotide- phosphate group, base, sugar
300
What is a substrate?
The molecules that the enzyme "works" on
300
What was spontaneous generation?
a previously held FALSE belief that living things came from dirty clothes, corn husks, rotting meat, etc.
300
Name the 3 outer coverings of a prokaryote in order from outermost to innermost.
capsule, cell wall, cell membrane
300
Name 2 functions of the nucleus.
controls cell activities, controls cell reproduction, houses DNA
400
Name 3 functions of lipids.
long-term energy storage, insulation, protection against physical shock, hormones, components of membranes (phospholipids)
400
What are 2 things that affect enzyme action?
correct protein structure, temperature, pH
400
Name 3 ways the cell theory has been used.
Disease/Health/Medical Research and Cures(AIDS, Cancer, Vaccines, Cloning, Stem Cell Research, etc.)
400
What are two ways that prokaryotes make their own food?
photosynthesis, disease-causing (feed on living things), decomposing (feed on dead things)
400
What does the mitochondria do?
captures energy from molecules, produces ATP
500
How are macromolecules formed? How are they broken apart? Must use proper terminology!
formed by dehydration synthesis with removal of water,
broken apart by hydrolysis with the addition of water
500
Explains what happens when an enzyme is denatured.
The enzyme is broken down and its shape changes, making it no longer functional
500
Name 3 tenets of the cell theory.
1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things.
3. All cells are produced by the division of preexisting cells.
500
What do ribosomes do and where are they located in prokaryotic cells?
help build proteins, mixed throughout the cell in cytoplasm
500
What does the golgi body do?
Collects, modifies, packages and distributes proteins and lipids from ER