Bryophytes & Seedless Vascular Plants
These plants lack vascular tissue and include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.
What are bryophytes?
This plant tissue transports water from roots upward through the plant.
What is xylem?
This type of growth allows plants to grow throughout their entire lives.
What is indeterminate growth?
This process alternates between multicellular haploid and diploid generations in plants.
What is alternation of generations?
This process explains how water is pulled upward through xylem due to cohesion and evaporation from leaves.
What is transpirational pull?
This structure produces motile sperm in seedless plants.
What is the antheridium?
This structure contains an embryo, stored food, and a protective coat.
What is a seed?
These meristems increase the length of roots and shoots.
What are apical meristems?
This tissue produces secondary xylem and phloem, increasing the girth of woody plants.
What is the vascular cambium?
This growth response allows plants like Mimosa pudica to react to touch.
What is thigmotropism?
This plant tissue system allowed plants to grow taller and compete for sunlight.
What is vascular tissue?
This process transfers pollen to the structure containing ovules.
What is pollination?
This plant hormone causes cell elongation and phototropism.
What is auxin?
Name three challenges plants had to overcome in order to colonize land.
Dehydration, reproductive barriers, & increased force of gravity
These clusters of sporangia are found on the underside of fern leaves.These clusters of sporangia are found on the underside of fern leaves.
What are sori?
This dominant life stage in bryophytes is larger and longer-living than the other.
What is the gametophyte/haploid/1n?
This reproductive adaptation eliminates the need for water for fertilization.
What is pollen?
This plant response causes roots to grow downward and shoots upward.
What is gravitropism?
Name three reasons nature selected for plants to colonize land.
Nutrient rich soil, unfiltered light, more access to CO2
These root-like structures anchor bryophytes and absorb water.
What are rhizoids?
This type of gametophyte in seedless vascular plants can produce both eggs and sperm.
What is a bisexual gametophyte?
What to structures are formed as a result of double fertilization? Be sure to include each structure's ploidy.
1. Zygote (2n-diploid)
2. Endosperm (3n-triploid)
This gas hormone triggers fruit ripening and leaf abscission.
What is ethylene?
This condition causes pale, weak growth in plants grown in darkness.
What is etiolation?
This hormone ratio helps determine whether a seed remains dormant or begins germination.
What is the balance between abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins?