Viruses 1
This tiny infectious particle consists of nucleic acid enclosed in a protein coat.
What is a virus?
These viruses specifically infect bacteria.
What are bacteriophages (or phages)?
These two domains are made entirely of prokaryotes.
What are Bacteria and Archaea?
The region where prokaryotic DNA is found, since they lack a nucleus.
What is the nucleoid?
These organisms thrive in extremely salty environments.
What are extreme halophiles?
These protein subunits make up the capsid of a virus.
What are capsomeres?
This type of phage reproductive cycle ends with the host cell bursting.
What is the lytic cycle?
This external structure allows bacteria to attach to surfaces or each other during conjugation.
What are pili?
Prokaryotes reproduce using this simple process that produces two identical cells.
What is binary fission?
The cycle in which a bacteriophage inserts its DNA into the host’s chromosome without killing it.
What is the lysogenic cycle?
This term describes the capsid as well as the Nucleic Acid
What is a Nucleocapsid?
This type of virus has reverse transcriptase.
What is a retrovirus?
Some prokaryotes break down dead organisms and wastes, earning them this ecological role.
What are decomposers?
The bacterial whip-structure used for movement that acts like a tiny propeller.
What is a flagellum?
The cell wall component that differentiates archaea and bacteria.
What is peptidoglycan?
These structures, taken from the host cell membrane, help animal viruses enter cells.
What are viral envelopes?
A phage that only uses the lytic cycle is also known as
What is a virulent phage?
These organisms can survive with or without oxygen by switching metabolic pathways.
What are facultative anaerobes?
In this type of symbiosis, both organisms benefit—like humans and their gut bacteria.
What is mutualism?
Many antibiotics are ineffective against viruses because viruses lack these cellular structures that antibiotics normally target. Name 2.
What are cell walls / ribosomes / metabolic pathways (any of these)?
This category of viruses are heat sensitive.
What are enveloped virus?
In the lysogenic cycle, this is what the integrated viral DNA inside a bacterium is called.
What is a prophage?
These organisms thrive in extremely salty environments.
What are halotolerant/halophils?
A process where genetic material, usually a plasmid, is transferred through direct contact, often via a pilus.
What is conjugation?
This nutritional mode describes organisms that obtain carbon from organic molecules and energy from light.
What are photoheterotrophs?