OYOs
What determines the vast majority of an atom's properties?
The number of electrons that the atom has.
Define "element"
A collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons.
Name and describe the three subatomic particles.
Protons (+), electrons (-), neutrons (neutral)
What is the chemical formula of the molecule shown in OYO 2.11?
C2H4
Other than using a catalyst, how can a reaction be sped up?
Is NH3 a molecule or a compound?
Define "atomic mass"
The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom.
What is the difference between an element and an atom?
An element contains all atoms that have the same number of protons, regardless of the number of neutrons. An atom is a single entity, determined by the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Look at OYO 2.14. Which solution is the most acidic?
Solution B
Is CO2 a carbohydrate?
Nopeity nope.
Name each element and the number of atoms of that element in one molecule of acetic acid (C2H4O2).
Two carbon atoms, four hydrogen atoms, two oxygen atoms.
Define "solvent"
A substance in which other substances are dissolved.
How many total atoms are in a molecule of C3H8O? How many of each atom are present?
3 carbons + 8 hydrogens + 1 oxygen = 12 total atoms
How many times more basic is the Great Salt Lake than pure water? (Use Figure 2.23 to answer this question)
The Great Salt is 1000 times more basic
What kind of reaction is used for building disaccharides, polysaccharides, fats, and proteins? What kind of reaction can break these substances down?
Dehydration reactions/hydrolysis
What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonds? Give an example of each type of bond.
Ionic: oppositely charged ions are attracted to each other (Example: NaCl)
Covalent: no transfer of electrons (Example: H2O)
Define "monosaccharides"
The building blocks of more complex carbohydrates, also called simple sugars.
What are the six important elements that make up most of living matter?
Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
What property do all lipids share?
Hydrophobia
What are the basic building blocks of proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides?
Amino acids/fatty acids/monosaccharides
Give an example of how the property of cohesion among water molecules is important to living things.
Water flows upward from roots to leaves in plants AND creates a film on the surface for water bugs to walk on.
Define "amino acids"
Building blocks of proteins each containing a carboxyl group and an amino group.
What design attribute of water allows for so many unusual, life-supporting properties?
Its ability to form hydrogen bonds.
Describe one way that steroids differ from fats.
Steroids form ring structures while fats form chain structures.
What are the basic parts of a nucleotide?
Phosphate group, sugar, base