Cells
Which organelle is known as the “powerhouse” of the cell?
Mitochondria
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What is the process of natural selection?
Natural selection is the process by which organisms better adapted to their environment. More offspring, survival, etc.
What are the differences between biotic and abiotic factors? Provide an example for each.
Biotic factors are living components of an ecosystem and abiotic factors are nonliving components
What is the basic unit of life?
Cells
Which organelle controls cell activities?
Nucleus
What are the differences between a phenotype and a genotype? Provide an example.
Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism and phenotype refers to observable characteristics
Which type of structure shows a shared ancestry?
Homologous structures
What is the name of an organism that makes its own food?
An autotroph
What are the four main types of biomolecules essential for life?
Carbs, Lipids, nucleic acids, proteins
Cells that don’t have a nucleus are known as:
Prokaryotic cells
What is the term for a sequence of three bases in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid?
A Codon
What is the name for the process where two species evolve in response to each other?
Coevolution
Which term describes the nonliving parts of an environment?
Abiotic factors
What’s the function of ribosomes in a cell?
They are responsible for protein synthesis
What is the protective layer found in plant cells, but not animal cells?
The Cell Wall
This type of genetic dominance occurs when the heterozygous phenotype is a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes:
Incomplete dominance
Which term describes a process in which a population is separated, leading to new species over time?
Allopatric speciation
After a disturbance, such as a fire, what process describes the series of changes in an ecosystem where a new community is established?
Ecological succession
Describe the process of osmosis and its importance to cells.
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a permeable membrane. Goes from a lower solute concentration to a higher solute concentration.
Which cell structure allows plants to make food using sunlight?
Chloroplasts
This nucleic acid amplification testing procedure consists of denaturing, renaturing, elongating, and amplifying a short segment of DNA or RNA:
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
The measure of an organism's reproductive success and its ability to pass on genes to future generations is known as:
Fitness
What do we call a species that has a disproportionately large effect on its environment relative to its abundance?
A keystone species
What is the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions, and how do they affect activation energy?
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.