DNA
What two molecules make up the sides (backbone) of DNA?
Sugar and phosphate.
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic acid.
What type of molecules are hormones?
Chemical messengers.
Which organelle is the “control center” of the cell?
Nucleus.
What is the main energy molecule of the cell?
ATP.
What are the four nitrogen bases?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine.
What doess RNA use instead of thymine (T)?
Uracil (U).
Where do hormones attach on a cell?
Receptors.
Which organelle makes energy (ATP) for the cell?
Mitochondria.
What do plants make during photosynthesis?
Glucose (sugar).
If one strand of DNA is ATCG, what is the complementary strand?
TACG.
What type of RNA copies the DNA code in the nucleus?
mRNA (messenger RNA).
What’s an example of a hormone in humans?
Insulin (or adrenaline, etc.).
Which organelle captures sunlight for photosynthesis?
Chloroplast.
What two things do plants need for photosynthesis, besides light?
Carbon dioxide and water.
What does DNA carry instructions for?
Making proteins (or traits).
What is the process called when mRNA is read to make a protein?
Translation.
Why is cell communication important?
It lets cells work together and respond to changes.
Which organelle acts like the “post office,” packaging proteins?
Golgi apparatus.
What gas do humans breathe in for cellular respiration?
Oxygen.
During DNA replication, what enzyme puts new bases in place?
DNA polymerase.
What cell part actually builds the protein using mRNA?
Ribosome.
What is the term for when one signal triggers many steps inside the cell?
Signal transduction.
Which organelle is full of enzymes that break down waste?
Lysosome.