What is a function?
This type of protein speeds up chemical reactions without being consumed.
What is an enzyme?
This carbohydrate polymer stores energy in plants.
What is cellulose?
This molecule is the primary energy currency of the cell.
What is ATP?
After CO₂ enters a leaf through the stomata, what happens next?
What is carbon fixation?
In insects, air enters the body through small openings called these.
What is spiracles?
This cellular component modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery.
What is the Golgi apparatus?
This process replicates the cytoplasm at the end of mitosis/meiosis.
What is cytokinesis?
This coenzyme carries high-energy electrons in cellular respiration.
What is NAD+?
After acetyl-CoA enters the Krebs cycle, what happens next?
What is formation of citrate?
Fish have this type of circulatory system, where blood passes through the heart once per cycle.
What is a single circulatory system?
This enzyme irreversibly phosphorylates glucose.
What is Hexokinase?
This structural polysaccharide is found in fungal cell walls.
What is chitin?
This molecule donates acetyl groups to the Krebs cycle.
What is CoA?
After a stop codon enters the ribosome’s A site, what happens next?
What is release of the polypeptide chain?
This process allows oxygen to move across thin respiratory surfaces without energy input.
What is diffusion?
This mechanism ensures enzymes are not permanently turned on by regulating activity at a site other than the active site.
What is allosteric regulation?
This type of bacteria carries out nitrogen fixation in aquatic environments.
What are cyanobacteria?
This three-letter codon signals the start of translation.
What is AUG?
After the release of ADH from the pituitary gland, this change occurs in the body.
What is increased water reabsorption in the kidneys?
This adaptation allows fish gills to maintain a concentration gradient for oxygen uptake.
What is counter-current flow?
This process allows eukaryotic cells to generate multiple proteins from a single gene.
What is alternative splicing?
This evolutionary process results in similar traits in unrelated species.
What is convergent evolution?
This amino acid (abbreviation) is unique among the standard 20 because its side chain bonds back to the backbone nitrogen, often breaking alpha helices.
What is pro?
After a protein is tagged with ubiquitin, what happens next?
What is targeting of the protein to the proteasome for degradation?
This group of invertebrates uses book lungs or book gills for respiration.
What are arachnids?