Genetics
This term describes different versions of the same gene.
What are alleles?
This term refers to the variety of living organisms in an ecosystem.
What is biodiversity?
This gas is transported by hemoglobin from the lungs to body tissues.
What is oxygen?
This process describes the loss of water vapor from leaves through stomata.
What is transpiration?
This type of cell transmits electrical impulses in the nervous system.
What is a neuron?
This scientist's last name is known as the “father of genetics” for his work with pea plants and the biological ratio 9:3:3:1 for dihybrid crosses involving two independent traits
Who is Mendel?
This system classifies organisms into groups such as kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
What is taxonomy?
Cuboidal epithelial cells in the lung alveoli that produce pulmonary surfactant to reduce surface tension and prevent alveolar collapse
What are type 2 pneumocytes?
This tissue transports sugars such as sucrose from sources to sinks in plants.
What is phloem?
This chemical messenger is released from endocrine glands and travels through the bloodstream to target organs.
What is a hormone?
This genotype consists of two identical alleles for a particular gene.
What is homozygous?
This type of biodiversity refers specifically to the number of different species in a given area.
What is species diversity?
The idea that different types of viruses, despite having different origins, evolved similar structural features (capsids, nucleic acids) due to similar selective pressures.
What is convergent evolution?
This term describes the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane due to differences in solute concentration.
What is osmosis?
This event occurs when the inside of a neuron becomes less negative due to the influx of sodium ions.
What is depolarization?
This type of inheritance results in offspring showing a blend of parental traits, such as red and white flowers producing pink flowers.
What is incomplete dominance?
This concept explains how different species can coexist in the same habitat by occupying slightly different roles or using resources in different ways.
What is niche differentiation?
This mechanism in muscle contraction involves myosin heads binding to actin and pulling them inward using ATP.
What is the sliding filament mechanism?
This component of water potential is always negative in plant cells and becomes more negative as solute concentration increases.
What is solute potential?
This protein restores the resting membrane potential by actively transporting sodium ions out of the neuron and potassium ions into it.
What is the sodium-potassium pump?
This process during meiosis increases genetic variation by exchanging segments of DNA between homologous chromosomes in prophase I.
What is crossing over?
This type of natural selection favors individuals at both extremes of a phenotypic range, potentially leading to speciation if reproductive isolation occurs.
What is disruptive selection?
This pressure is generated by the pumping of the heart and drives blood through arteries, decreasing as it moves through capillary beds due to resistance.
What is hydrostatic pressure?
What is evaporation?
This mechanism ensures one-way transmission of nerve impulses at synapses due to the release of neurotransmitters from vesicles in the presynaptic neuron.
What is synaptic transmission?