Matter and Energy in Organisms
This organelle is the site of cellular respiration.
What are mitochondria? (what is the mitochondrion?)
These sections of DNA serve as instructions to build specific proteins that determine traits.
What are genes?
This boundary regulates what enters and leaves the cell to maintain internal balance.
What is the cell membrane?
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a modern example of this evolutionary mechanism.
What is natural selection?
This type of feedback loop moves a system away from its equilibrium, such as during childbirth or blood clotting.
What is a positive feedback loop?
During photosynthesis, light energy is converted into this type of energy stored in the bonds of glucose.
What is chemical energy?
While a genotype refers to the actual alleles an organism carries (like Bb), this term refers to the physical expression or observable trait (like brown hair).
What is phenotype?
This organelle contains the instructions for building proteins.
What is the nucleus?
These physical structures, like the limb bones of whales and humans, suggest common ancestry.
What are homologous structures?
Sweating to cool down the body is an example of this "steady state" maintenance.
What is homeostasis?
This process allows organisms to continue producing a small amount ATP when oxygen is unavailable.
What is fermentation (anaerobic respiration)?
This specific type of mutation occurs when a single nucleotide is replaced, which may or may not change the resulting protein.
What is a substitution (point mutation)?
This "protein factory" can be found floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.
What is a ribosome?
For natural selection to occur, this must already exist within a population's gene pool, often caused by mutations or sexual reprodution.
What is genetic variation?
What is mitosis?
These organisms are responsible for taking inorganic carbon dioxide and creating organic sugars.
What are autotrophs?
Identical twins may have the same DNA, but differences in their diet, stress, or sunlight exposure can cause these types of "tags" to turn genes on or off.
What are epigenetic factors (environmental influences)?
This process is when molecules move from a high concentration to a low concentration, and it can be through a cell membrane.
What is diffusion?
This term describes a specific heritable trait that improves an individual's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment?
What is an adaptation?
When blood sugar rises, the body releases insulin to bring it back down; this is an example of this feedback loop.
What is negative feedback?
Explain how the law of conservation of mass applies to photosynthesis.
What is the number of atoms in the reactants (CO2 and H2O) must equal the number of atoms in the products (C6H12O6 and O2)
In a population of asexual organisms, this is the primary source of new genetic variations.
What is random mutations?
These two organelles are typically found in plant cells but not animal cells.
What are chloroplasts and cell walls?
What is heterozygote advantage (or selective advantage)?
This is the process by which stem cells become specialized into specific types, like muscle or nerve cells.
What is cell differentiation?