Cell Basics
What is the basic unit of all forms of life?
Cell
What type of organism has cells containing a nucleus?
Eukaryote
What structure contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA?
Nucleus
What organelle stores water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates?
Vacuole
What is a group of similar cells that perform a particular function?
Tissue
What theory states that all living things are composed of cells?
Cell theory
What type of unicellular organism lacks a nucleus?
Prokaryote
What is the fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleus?
Cytoplasm
What organelle breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into smaller molecules?
Lysosome
What is a group of tissues working together to perform closely related functions?
Organ
According to cell theory, where do new cells come from?
Existing cells
What is the major difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote?
Eukaryotes have a nucleus; prokaryotes lack a nucleus
What term describes a specialized structure that performs an important cellular function?
Organelle
What organelle is the site of protein synthesis?
Ribosome
What is a group of organs working together to perform a specific function?
Organ system
Name the three major ideas of cell theory.
All living things are composed of cells; cells are the basic units of structure and function; new cells come from existing cells
A single-celled organism has DNA but no nucleus. Is it a prokaryote or eukaryote?
Prokaryote
What network of protein filaments gives a eukaryotic cell its shape and internal organization and helps with movement?
Cytoskeleton
What internal membrane system is where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled?
Endoplasmic reticulum
What term means maintaining relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions?
Homeostasis
Why is cell theory considered a fundamental concept of biology?
It explains the cellular basis of living things.
A scientist discovers an organism whose cells have nuclei and specialized organelles. What type of organism is it, and what evidence supports your answer?
Eukaryote; its cells contain nuclei/specialized organelles
Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum?
Golgi apparatus
Identify the two organelles: one captures sunlight and converts it to chemical energy; the other converts chemical energy in food into a form convenient for cells to use.
Chloroplast and mitochondrion
Put these levels in order from simplest to most complex: organ, cell, organ system, tissue
Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ system