Tonicity
If a cell is placed in 100% pure water, what is the tonicity OUTSIDE (environment) the cell?
What is a Hypotonic environment?
This component of the cell membrane is made up of two layers of phospholipids, with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.
What is the phospholipid bilayer?
This term refers to a biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process.
What is an enzyme?
This principle of natural selection describes how organisms with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.
What is survival of the fittest?
What is Mr. Carvan's favorite sport?
What is Basketball?
In this type of environment, a cell will lose water and shrink because the solute concentration is higher outside the cell than inside.
What is a hypertonic environment?
This term describes molecules that have both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) regions.
What is amphipathic?
Enzymes are specific to substrates due to their unique shape. What part of the enzyme directly interacts with the substrate to facilitate the reaction?
What is the active site?
This is the term for the gradual change in species over time due to the accumulation of small, beneficial variations.
What is evolution?
How old is Mr. Carvan?
If a cell with a 5% solute concentration is placed in a solution with a 2% solute concentration, in which direction will water flow, and why?
What is into the cell because the solution is hypotonic, and water moves toward the higher solute concentration?
Some membrane proteins span the entire phospholipid bilayer. What are these proteins called, and what is their primary function in the cell membrane?
What are integral (or transmembrane) proteins, and their primary function is to transport molecules across the membrane, serve as receptors, or provide structural support?
This process occurs when an enzyme's shape is altered by extreme heat or pH, causing it to lose its ability to bind to its substrate.
What is denaturation?
When a population evolves because individuals with certain traits are more successful at reproducing, this is called this process, which leads to changes in gene frequency over generations.
What is selective pressure?
What continent was Mr. Carvan born on?
What is South America?
A red blood cell is placed in an isotonic solution. Describe what happens to the cell and explain why this occurs.
What is the cell remains the same size because there is no net movement of water, as the solute concentrations inside and outside the cell are equal?
This term refers to a membrane that allows certain substances to pass while blocking others, while this term specifically describes a membrane that allows only small molecules or solvent particles to pass through, regardless of their specific type.
What is selectively permeable (for the first) and semipermeable (for the second)?
High temperatures or extreme pH levels can denature enzymes. What happens to the enzyme’s active site during this process?
What is the active site loses its specific shape, preventing the enzyme from binding to its substrate and carrying out its catalytic function?
In a population of moths, those with darker coloration are more likely to survive and reproduce in areas with soot-covered trees. This gives them a selective advantage. What is the reason for this advantage?
What is the darker coloration provides better camouflage from predators, increasing the chances of survival and reproduction in a soot-covered environment?
What is Mr. Carvan's favorite band?
What is Linkin Park
When plant cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, the osmotic movement of water results in plasmolysis. Explain the underlying mechanisms that lead to this process and the consequences for the plant cell's structure and function.
What is water moves out of the plant cell due to the hypertonic solution, causing the cell membrane to pull away from the cell wall, leading to plasmolysis. This reduces turgor pressure, affecting the plant's ability to maintain rigidity and transport nutrients
In a selectively permeable membrane, large or polar molecules are typically unable to pass freely. What is the role of membrane transport proteins in facilitating the movement of these molecules across the membrane?
What are transport proteins that facilitate the movement of large or polar molecules across the membrane by forming channels or carriers, often requiring energy in the form of ATP for active transport or allowing passive movement through facilitated diffusion?
Some enzymes in extreme environments, like hot springs, are not denatured by high temperatures. What is the name for these enzymes, and why are they more resistant to denaturation?
What are thermophilic enzymes, and they are more resistant to denaturation due to their more stable protein structure, often with additional bonds that help maintain their shape at high temperatures?
In a population of birds, those with larger beaks are better at eating large seeds, while those with smaller beaks are better at eating smaller seeds. Over time, this leads to the formation of two distinct groups. What type of selection does this demonstrate?
What is disruptive selection?
Who is Mr. Carvan's future wife?
Who is Coco Jones?