Biomolecules
What is the function of Carbohydrates?
Provide energy (and structural support)
The energy needed to start a reaction
Activation Energy
Causing an enzyme to lose its structure
Denature
The cell membrane is made out of two layers of what kind of molecules?
Phospholipids
Channel proteins for water molecules are called
Aquaporins
What are the monomers of proteins called?
Amino Acids
Enzymes _______________ the rate of reactions
Increase
Does a competitive inhibitor bond to the active site of an enzyme?
Yes
A transport protein that is open at both ends is known as a
Channel Protein
Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Diffusion
What four elements are lipids made of?
C, H, O, P (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus)
Enzymes ________________ the activation energy of a reaction
decrease
Name the type of inhibitor that binds to another location of the enzyme
Non-Competitive Inhibitor
The movement of molecules against the concentration gradient is known as ___________ _____________
Active Transport
Water will move out of a cell into a ________________ environment
Hypertonic
If a molecules ends in -ose, it is a _____________
Sugar (glucose, fructose, etc.)
Reactants in an enzyme reaction are called
Substrates
Another molecule required for an enzyme to function
Co-factor
A phospholipid is made of two parts: a ________________ head, and _________________ tails
Hydrophilic (water-loving) head
Hydrophobic (water-fearing) tails
the concentration levels inside and outside of the cell are equal in an _______________ environment
Isotonic
Breaking a polymer into monomers by adding water is known as
Hydrolysis
Substrates bond to the enzyme at the ____________ ______________
Active Site
What are the three factors that can denature enzymes?
pH, temperature, and inhibitors
The process of a cell releasing molecules by fusing a vesicle to the cell membrane is called
Exocytosis
A hypotonic environment has a __________ concentration of solute outside of the cell
Lower