Cells & Organisation
This structure controls what enters and leaves an animal cell.
cell membrane
Enzymes are biological catalysts made of this type of molecule
proteins
This red pigment in blood carries oxygen around the body.
haemoglobin
This green pigment absorbs light for photosynthesis.
chlorophyll
This molecule carries genetic information and is shaped like a double helix.
DNA
Plant cells have this rigid outer layer made of cellulose that animal cells lack.
cell wall
The chemical test using Benedict's solution detects this substance, turning brick-red.
reducing sugar (glucose)
These blood vessels carry blood away from the heart.
arteries
Photosynthesis produces glucose and releases this gas.
oxygen
An organism with two identical alleles for a gene is described by this term.
homozygous
This organelle is the site of aerobic respiration in the cell
mitochondrion
This term describes the specific shape where the substrate binds to an enzyme.
active site
Air enters the lungs and gas exchange happens across these tiny air sacs.
alveoli
These vessels transport water and mineral ions up from the roots.
xylem
This term describes an allele that is always expressed when present.
dominant
The correct order of organisation from smallest to largest: cell, ___, organ, organ system.
tissue
Above this optimum condition, an enzyme loses its shape and denatures.
temperature (or pH)
This enzyme in the stomach begins the digestion of protein.
pepsin (protease)
The loss of water vapour from the leaves is called this.
transpiration
Organisms that make their own food and form the base of a food chain.
producers
This process moves particles from high to low concentration and requires no energy.
diffusion
Iodine solution turns this colour when starch is present.
blue-black
This organ produces bile, which emulsifies fats.
liver
These pore structures, controlled by guard cells, allow gas exchange in leaves.
stomata
This process, driven by natural selection, explains how species change over time.
evolution